Table 1.

Physical characterization of the different titanium surfaces. Values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5). Ra = average roughness; Ssk = surface skewness; Sku = surface kurtosis. Results were statistically compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test as post hoc: * p < 0.05 versus Ti; # p < 0.05 versus nanonet (NN) for Ra and Ssk and by Kruskall Wallis for Sku. NP, nanopore.

Parameter	Ti	NN	NP
Porous size (nm)	-	77.7 ± 0.7 × 47.4 ± 0.5	52.9 ± 0.9
Contact Angle (°)	71.7 ± 8.7	84.3 ± 3.8	17.7 ± 1.3
Ra (nm)	28.9 ± 0.7	55.8 ± 1.6 *	31.3 ± 1.9 #
Sku	6.78 ± 2.96	2.81 ± 0.13	3.74 ± 0.39
Ssk	0.34 ± 0.24	0.07 ± 0.04	0.20 ± 0.07