Table 2.

Transplantation protocols

Publication	Transplantation Method	Recipient Animal Species	Recipient Model	Donor Cell Type	Number of Donor Cells	Transplantation Efficacy
Hattori F et al. [29]	Direct cell injection	Mouse	Healthy heart	mESC-CMs hESC-CMs	NA	NA
Zwi-Dantsis L et al. [27]	Direct cell injection	Rat	Healthy heart	hiPSC-CMs	1.5×105	Develop gap junctions between donor hiPSC-CMs and host rat CMs
Shiba et al. [28]	Direct cell injection	Pig	Cryoinjury induced infarcted heart	hESC-CMs	1×108	Reduce ventricular tachycardia Improve left ventricle fractional shortening
Ye et al. [30]	Direct cell injection	Pig	LAD ligation induced infarcted heart	hiPSC-CMs hiPSC-EC hiPSC-SMC fibrin patch	2×106 2×106 2×106	Improve left ventricle ejection fraction and infarct size
Chong JJ et al. [31]	Direct cell injection	Monkey	LAD balloon occlusion induced infarcted heart	hESC-CMs	NA	Electromechanical coupling between graft and host myocytes
Shiba et al. [32]	Direct cell injection	Monkey	LAD ligation induced infarcted heart	hiPSC-CMs	4×108	Increase ventricular tachycardia transiently Improve left ventricle ejection fraction and fractional shortening
Liu YW et al. [33]	Direct cell injection	Monkey	LAD balloon occlusion induced infarcted heart	hESC-CMs	7.5×108	Increase ventricular tachycardia transiently Improve left ventricle ejection fraction
Tabei et al. [42]	Direct cell injection	Pig	Healthy heart	hiPSC-CM spheroids	1×107	The combination of the newly developed transplant device and spheroid formation promotes the retention of transplanted CMs
Kimura et al. [34]	Pericardial endoscopy and direct injection	Pig	Healthy heart	NA	NA	NA
Masumoto et al. [35]	Cell sheets	Rat	LAD ligation induced infarcted heart	mESC-CMs mESC-ECs&MCs	5×105 5×105	Improve left ventricle systolic function and infarct size
Suzuki et al. [36]	Cell sheets Omentopexy	Rat	LAD ligation induced infarcted heart	Neonatal CMs	5.6×105/cm2	Improve left ventricle ejection fraction
Kashiyama et al. [37]	Cell sheets	Monkey	LAD ligation induced infarcted heart	mkiPSC-CMs	3.6×106/sheet	Improve left ventricle systolic function
Ott HC et al. [38]	Cell scaffolding Recellularization	Rat	Decellularized heart	Neonatal CMs Fibrocytes ECs SMCs	5-7.5×107	Generate working recellularized heart
Lu et al. [39]	Cell scaffolding Recellularization	Mouse	Decellularized heart	hiPSC-MCPs	1×107	Generate working recellularized heart having responsiveness to drugs

Abbreviations: hiPSC human induced pluripotent stem cell, mESC mouse embryonic stem cell, hESC human embryonic stem cell, mkiPSC monkey induced pluripotent stem cell, CMs cardiomyocytes, ECs endothelial cells, SMCs smooth muscle cells, MCs vascular mural cells, MCPs multipotential cardiovascular progenitors, LAD left anterior descending artery, N/A not applicable or not available