Table 1.

Human leukocyte antigen class I and class II typing in multiple sclerosis patients compared with healthy controls in the Middle East and North Africa region.

Authors	Year	Population	Sample size (MS/control)	HLA class I	HLA typing method	HLA class II	HLA typing method
Lotfi et al.19	1978	Iranian	35/100	A, B	Lymphocytotoxicity	–	–
Kalanie et al.20	2000	Iranian	79/100	A, B, C	Microlymphocytotoxicity	DR, DQ	Microlymphocytotoxicity
Amirzargar et al.21	2005	Iranian	12–15/75–100	A, B	Lymphocytotoxicity	DRB1, DQA, DQB	PCR‐SSP
Ghabaee et al.22	2009	Iranian	183/100	–	–	DRB1, DQA1, DQB1	PCR-SSP
Kollaee et al.37	2012	Iranian	120/100	–	–	DRB1, DQB1	PCR‐SSP
Zabihi et al.38	2015	Iranian	200/200			DQB1*0602	PCR-SSP
Mazdeh et al.23	2016	Iranian	231/180	A, B	PCR-SSP	DRB1	PCR-SSP
Ahmadabadi et al.32	2018	Iranian		–	–	DQ2, DQ8, DQB1*02	PCR-SSP
Alsahebfosoul et al.24	2015	Iranian	205/205	G	ELISA	–	–
Ben Fredj et al.29	2016	Tunisian	60/112	G (sHLA-G) (14bp insertion/deletion (INS/DEL) and +3142 C>G)	ELISA, PCR and PCR-RFLP	–	–
Al-Din et al.30	1990	Kuwaiti	121 (72 Palestinian, 51 Kuwaiti MS), Control: 50			DR1 to DR9, DQW1, DQW3	Microlymphocytotoxicity
Al-Din et al.31	1996	Jordanian	30/45	–	–	HDR, DQ	Microlymphocytotoxicity
Al-Shammri et al.26	2004	Kuwaiti	67/145	A, B, C	Microlymphocytotoxicity	DR, DQ	Microlymphocytotoxicity
Messadi et al.35	2010	Tunisian	58/105	–	–	HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1	PCR/SSP
Saleem et al.28	2007	Iraqi	44/62	A, B, C	Microlymphocytotoxicity	DR, DQ	Microlymphocytotoxicity
Al-Nashmi et al.27	2018	Bahraini	50/50	A, B	PCR/SSP	DR	PCR/SSP
Ouadghiri et al.36	2013	Moroccan	57/172	–	–	DRB1 and DQB1	PCR-SSP
Saruhan-Direskeneli et al.33	1997	Turkish	103/101	–	–	DRB, DQA, DQB	PCR/SSO
Al Jumah et al.34	2018	Saudi Arabian	133/158	A, B, C	Next generation sequencing	DQB1, DRB1	Next generation sequencing

MS: multiple sclerosis; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; SSP: sequence-specific primers; RFLP: restriction fragment length polymorphism