Kuang 1979.

Methods	RCT
Participants	Patients aged 40 to 50 years with male essential hypertension patients were recruited from a hospital room. 135 participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 arms ‐ qigong and antihypertensive drugs or antihypertensive drugs only. 68 participants were randomly assigned to qigong, and 67 were randomly assigned to control or antihypertensive drugs only
Interventions	Qigong group: Qigong was seen as a quiet mind, a relaxed body and smooth breathing. Exercises were done in a sitting position and occasionally while standing, with qigong practised for about 40 minutes once or twice a day. Participants were also given antihypertensive drugs (reserpine 0.125 mg, hydralazine 12.5 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg) Control group: antihypertensive drugs only (reserpine 0.125 mg, hydralazine 12.5 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg) (Changes in medication use during the trial ‐ if DBP was > 100, medication was doubled; if DBP was < 70, the dosage was reduced or suspended) Follow‐up: 4 years
Outcomes	Blood pressure
Notes	Article was translated by MSL and was checked by JSWK
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Information was insufficient for judgement
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Information was insufficient for judgement
Other bias	Unclear risk	Information was insufficient for judgement