| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Applebaum 1979 | Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Bettison 1996 | Not MT (AIT ‐ only music listening) |
| Blackstock 1978 | Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Bonnel 2003 | Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Boso 2007 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) |
| Brown 1994 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) |
| Brown 2003 | Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Bruscia 1982 | Not RCT or CCT (case study) |
| Carroll 1983 | Not MT (only sung instructions) |
| Chilcote‐Doner 1982 | Not MT (rhythmic strobe and drumbeat) |
| Clauss 1994 | Not RCT or CCT (case series, ABACA design) |
| Cooley 2012 | Not MT (speech and language training with music) |
| Dawson 1998 | Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Diez Cuervo 1989 | Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Edelson 1999 | Not MT (AIT ‐ only music listening) |
| Edgerton 1994 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) |
| Finnigan 2010 | Not RCT or CCT (case study) |
| Frissell 2001 | Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Goldstein 1964 | Not RCT or CCT (case study) |
| Gore 2002 | No usable data (unclear outcome measure) |
| Griggs 1997 | Not RCT or CCT (case study) Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Hadsell 1988 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) Not ASD (Rett syndrome) |
| Hairston 1990 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) |
| Heaton 1999 | Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Heaton 2003 | Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Hillier 2012 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) |
| Kern 2006 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) |
| Kern 2007 | Not RCT or CCT (case study) |
| Kolko 1980 | Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Krauss 1982 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) Not ASD (apraxia, language delay) |
| Laird 1997 | Not RCT or CCT (uncontrolled design) |
| Lee 2004 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) |
| Li 2011 | Not possible to isolate MT from other interventions |
| Lim 2007 | Not MT (speech training with music) |
| Litchman 1976 | Not MT (listening to recorded nursery rhymes) |
| Lundqvist 2009 | Not MT (presentation of preset vibroacoustic stimuli) |
| Ma 2001 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) |
| Mahlberg 1973 | Not RCT or CCT (case study) |
| Miller 1979 | Not RCT or CCT (case study) |
| Mottron 2000 | Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Mudford 2000 | Not MT (AIT/only music listening) |
| O'Connell 1974 | Not RCT or CCT (case study) |
| O'Dell 1998 | Not MT (music listening) |
| O'Loughlin 2000 | Not RCT or CCT ‐ includes three case series where all received the same treatment (no. 1, 3, 4) and one case series with an ABA design (no. 2) |
| Pasiali 2004 | Not RCT or CCT (case series, ABAB design) |
| Rao 2001 | Not MT (headphones with versus without music) |
| Sandiford 2013 | Not MT (speech training with music) |
| Saperston 1973 | Not RCT or CCT (case study) |
| Schmidt 1976 | Not RCT or CCT (case series, AB design) |
| Starr 1998 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) |
| Staum 1984 | Not RCT or CCT (case study) |
| Stephens 2008 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) |
| Stevens 1969 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) |
| Thaut 1987 | Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Thaut 1988 | Not intervention study (assessment) |
| Toolan 1994 | Not RCT or CCT (case series) |
| Watson 1979 | Not RCT or CCT (case series, ABCA design) |
| Wimpory 1995 | Not RCT or CCT (case study) |
| Wood 1991 | Not MT (music listening) |
MT ‐ music therapy; AIT ‐ auditory integration training; RCT ‐ randomised controlled trial; CCT ‐ controlled clinical trial; ASD ‐ autism spectrum disorder; ABA, ABAB, AB ‐ type of trial where interventions A and B are given in this order; ABCA, ABACA ‐ type of trial where interventions A, B, and C are given in this order