Summary of findings 3. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for renal vasculitis for remission induction.

Rituximab compared to cyclophosphamide (CPA) for remission induction
Patient or population: adults with renal vasculitis Settings: inpatients then outpatients Intervention: rituximab Comparison: CPA
Outcomes	Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)		Relative effect (95% CI)	No. of participants (studies)	Quality of the evidence (GRADE)
	Assumed risk	Corresponding risk
	CPA	Rituximab
Death at 6 months	28 per 1000	28 per 1000 (6 to 129)	RR 1.00 (0.21 to 4.70)	241 (2)	⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate1
Kidney function	not reported	not reported	‐‐	‐‐	‐‐
Dialysis	not reported	not reported	‐‐	‐‐	‐‐
Remission at 6 months	661 per 1000	674 per 1000 (522 to 872)	RR 1.02 (0.79 to 1.32)	236 (2)	⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate1
Relapse at 12 months	100 per 1000	143 per 1000 (18 to 1000)	RR 1.43 (0.18 to 11.31)	38 (1)	⊕⊕⊝⊝ low1,2
Serious adverse events	826 per 1000	971 per 1000 (594 to 1000)	RR 1.11 (0.72 to 1.71)	241 (2)	⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate1
Serious Infections	92 per 1000	82 per 1000 (39 to 176)	RR 0.89 (0.62 to 1.92)	241 (2)	⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate3
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.

¹ Number of events overall is low

² One small study

³ Different event rates in the 2 studies