Laffel 1995

Methods	Country: USA Setting/Design: University Time frame: NS Randomisation method: NS Blinding ‐ Participants: Yes ‐ Investigators: Yes ‐ Outcome assessors: No ‐ Data analysis: No Intention‐to‐treat: Yes Follow‐up period: 24 months Loss to follow‐up: 43
Participants	Inclusion criteria Age: 14‐57 years IDDM: Diagnosed before 45 years Overnight AER: 20‐200 µg/min Captopril group Number: 70 Age: 32 (8.1) Sex (M/F): 53/47 Placebo group Number: 73 Age: 33.4 (9.0) Sex (M/F): 48/52 Exclusion criteria HbA1c ≥ 11.5% SCr and potassium levels beyond the normal ranges White blood cell count < 3500/mm³ BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg Antihypertensive therapy (CCB, beta blockers) Pregnancy Lactation Failure to use adequate contraception for women of child‐bearing ages Histories of renal, cardiac, hepatic, gastrointestinal or autoimmune diseases Use of NSAIDs (except for low‐dose aspirin not to exceed 650 mg/d)
Interventions	Captopril group 100 mg/d Placebo group Co‐interventions Prazosin‐clonidine
Outcomes	AER CrCl Progression to hypertension
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear