Figure 9. Central role of transglutaminase 2 in glycolysis mediated tissue fibrogenesis.
Metabolic adaptation to hypoxia, pressure overload and hyperglycemia increases glycolysis-mediated transglutaminase 2 (TG2) induction via glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase M2. TG2, in turn, mediates fibroblast cell activation and fibrogenic signaling that plays a major role in cardiopulmonary tissue fibrosis.