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. 2020 Jan 1;10(3):1373–1390. doi: 10.7150/thno.39157

Figure 7.

Figure 7

The potential antibacterial mechanisms on the bacterial membrane. (A) The zeta-potential detection for E. coli treated with peptide. (B) Flow cytometry for MSI-1 affinity to the bacterial membrane after 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min of coincubation. (C) LPS binding assay. Left: MST assay for the interaction between FITC-MSI-1 and LPS. Binding data were plotted using the Hill equation. Right: In the presence of increasing LPS concentrations, the antibacterial activities of MSI-1 at 1/2, 1, and 2× MIC against penicillin-resistant E. coli. (D) PI uptake assay for membrane integrity of bacteria. A histogram quantified the proportion of PI-positive stained cells. (E) The release rates of Calcein from MSI-1-treated liposomes at indicated time. 0.1% TritonX-100 was set as positive control. (F) SEM of E. coli after MSI-1 (4× MIC) treatment for 1 h. Magnification=25,000× or 50,000×. (G) β-Lactamase activity in the culture media of E. coli. Herein, activities of the MSI-1-treated groups were shown relative to that of the sonicated bacteria, whose activity was defined as 100%. (H) The membrane rupture properties of MSI-1 against G- bacteria.