Figure 3.

Patient stratification. (A) Strategies to address EPR heterogeneity by identifying patients that are most amenable to nanotherapy response. (B) Left panel: PET-CT scan of a metastatic breast cancer patient showing that a nanotheranostic formulation, i.e. ⁶⁴Cu-labeled HER2-targeted doxorubicin liposomes (MM302), can be used to monitor accumulation in a metastatic sternal mass (blue circle). Right panel: Correlation between accumulation of MM-302 and overall response, showing that higher uptake results in better overall response rates as compared to lower uptake. PR: partial response. SD: stable disease. PD: progressive disease. (C) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging of CT26 murine colon carcinoma tumors showing that the level of functional tumor vascularization correlates polymeric nanocarrier accumulation in tumors (yellow circles). (D) Immunohistochemical analysis of collagen in two different pancreatic cancer models exemplifies that tumors with a relatively high collagen density accumulate less fluorescently-labeled model drug. Images reproduced, with permission, from ¹⁶,²³,⁶⁶.