Figure 14.

(A) Schematic illustrations of the process of the preparation of silicate nanosensitizers (RGD-ZSM-RB) and of the mechanism of RGD-ZSM-RB mediated X-PDT. (B) TEM image of silicate nanosensitizers (Scale bar, 50 nm). (C) The overlap of the XEOL spectrum of ZSM and the absorption spectrum of RB. (D) Fluorescence images of calcein AM (green fluorescence for live cells) and PI (red fluorescence for dead cells) co-stained U87MG cells with different treatments (Scale bar, 100 µm). (E) Lipid damage assessment measured by lipid peroxidation assays. (F) DNA damage (dashed circle) assessed by single cell electrophoresis assays (Scale bar, 25 µm). (G) Cell reproductive capacity measured by clonogenic assays taken 10 d after RT or X-PDT. Adapted with permission from Ref 58. Copyright 2019 WILEY-VCH.