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(A) Schematic illustration of the synthetic route to ZnO coated LiYF4:Ce (SZNP). (B) The mechanism of SZNP-mediated X-PDT. (C) Viabilities of normoxic and hypoxic HeLa cells treated with SZNPs for 24 h under X-ray radiation (0, 2, 4, 6 Gy). (D) In vivo evaluation of SZNPs-mediated synchronous RT and PDT. Adapted with permission from Ref 49. Copyright 2014 Wiley-VCH.
