Table 1.

Description of the “P (population) I (intervention) C (comparator) O (outcomes)” elements used in framing the research question and the search strategy

Criteria	Specification
Focus question	“What are current clinical applications and diagnostic performance of AI in DMFR?”
Population	Clinical images obtained from human subjects in the dental and maxillofacial region;
Intervention	Diagnostic model based on AI algorithms;
Comparator	Reference standard, such as expert’s judgment, clinical/pathological examination, etc;
Outcome	Diagnostic performance of the proposed AI model, such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV/NPV, AUC and mean difference from reference.
Search strategy	Artificial Intelligence[Mesh] OR Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted[Mesh] OR Neural Networks (Computer)[Mesh] OR AI OR CNN OR Machine learning OR Deep learning OR Convolutional OR Automatic OR Automated AND Diagnostic imaging[Mesh] AND Dentistry[Mesh]

AI, artificial intelligence; AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CNN, convolutional neural networks; DMFR, dental and maxillofacial radiology; PPV/NPV, positive/negative predictive value.