Fig 9. LTA1 stimulates activation of primary human monocytes, including secretion of cytokines.

Human monocytes were purified from commercially purchased buffy coats from 7 donors and incubated for 3 days untreated (untx) or with 10 ug/ml LTA1. Secreted cytokines detected in 24h culture as log10 pg/ml. Samples above the interpolated range for MIP-1β and IL-8 were replaced with 0.01 over the highest interpolated value for that cytokine (3.87 or 4.41 respectively). Significance tested by paired two-tailed t-test (**P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001). Bars at mean+SEM.