Table 2.

Summary of primary model parameters for all considered health impact pathways.

Parameter	Unit	Value
Fish tissue PCB concentration [${\overline{\mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{t}\right)}}_{\text{fish},\text{\hspace{0.17em} PCB}}$]: Upper; Lower Hudson
NA scenario	${\mathrm{mg}}_{\text{PCB}}{/\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{fish}}$	0.825; 0.355
SC scenario	${\mathrm{mg}}_{\text{PCB}}{/\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{fish}}$	0.424; 0.218
SC&ED scenario	${\mathrm{mg}}_{\text{PCB}}{/\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{fish}}$	0.273; 0.184
Individual fish ingestion rate (${\overline{\text{IR}}}_{\mathrm{p}}$)
Twice per year	${\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{fish}}/\text{person-}\mathrm{y}$	0.5
Twice per month	${\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{fish}}/\text{person-}\mathrm{y}$	4
Twice per week	${\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{fish}}/\text{person-}\mathrm{y}$	17
Fish PCB cancer dose–response (${\text{DR}}_{{\text{ADD}}_{\mathrm{p},\text{fish}\_\text{PCB}},\mathrm{e}}$)	${\text{cases}/\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{PCB}\_\text{intake}}$	0.6
Fish PCB noncancer dose–response (${\text{DR}}_{{\text{ADD}}_{\mathrm{p},\text{fish}\_\text{PCB}},\mathrm{e}}$)	${\text{cases}/\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{PCB}\_\text{intake}}$	See Figure S2
PCB cancer severity factor (${\text{SF}}_{\text{PCB},\mathrm{e}}$)	DALY/case	4.3
PCB noncancer severity factor (${\text{SF}}_{\text{PCB},\mathrm{e}}$)	DALY/case	2.7
Number of fish consumers (${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{p}}$): Upper; Lower Hudson
Twice per year	persons/y	300; 6,200
Twice per month	persons/y	90; 1,500
Twice per week	persons/y	70; 500
Ambient air total PCB concentration (${\mathrm{C}}_{\text{air},\text{PCB},\mathrm{s}}$)
Dredging corridor	${\text{ng}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	23
Processing facility	${\text{ng}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	27
Individual breathing rate (${\text{BR}}_{\mathrm{p}}$)
Surrounding communities	${\mathrm{m}}^3/\text{person-}\mathrm{d}$	16
Project workers	${\mathrm{m}}^3/\text{person-}\mathrm{d}$	1.6
Cumulative exposure duration (${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{p},\mathrm{s}}$)
Surrounding communities	person-d	1,347,000
Project workers	person-h	334,000
Air PCB cancer dose–response (${\text{DR}}_{{\text{ADD}}_{\mathrm{p},\text{air}\_\text{PCB}},\mathrm{e}}$)	${\text{cases}/\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{PCB}\_\text{intake}}$	0.2
Air PCB noncancer dose–response (${\text{DR}}_{{\text{ADD}}_{\mathrm{p},\text{air}\_\text{PCB}},\mathrm{e}}$)	${\text{cases}/\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{PCB}\_\text{intake}}$	See Figure S2
Total emitted mass of primary ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ (${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}}$)a
Heavy equipment	${\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{emitted}}$	100; 3,300
Barge traffic	${\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{emitted}}$	100; 400
Rail transport	${\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{emitted}}$	73,000
Total emitted mass of ${\mathrm{NO}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ (${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{i},\mathrm{j}}$)a
Heavy equipment	${\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{emitted}}$	30,000; 71,000
Barge traffic	${\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{emitted}}$	21,000; 30,000
Rail transport	${\mathrm{kg}}_{\text{emitted}}$	2,586,000
${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ intake fraction (${\text{iF}}_{\mathrm{i}}$)
Primary ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$, heavy equipment & barge traffic	${\mathrm{kg}}_{{\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}\_\text{intake}}{/\mathrm{kg}}_{\mathrm{i}\_\text{emitted}}$	$5.6\times {10}^{-7}$
Primary ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$, rail transport	${\mathrm{kg}}_{{\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}\_\text{intake}}{/\mathrm{kg}}_{\mathrm{i}\_\text{emitted}}$	$6.7\times {10}^{-7}$
${\mathrm{NO}}_{\mathrm{x}}$, heavy equipment & barge traffic	${\mathrm{kg}}_{{\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}\_\text{intake}}{/\mathrm{kg}}_{\mathrm{i}\_\text{emitted}}$	$6.8\times {10}^{-8}$
${\mathrm{NO}}_{\mathrm{x}}$, rail transport	${\mathrm{kg}}_{{\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}\_\text{intake}}{/\mathrm{kg}}_{\mathrm{i}\_\text{emitted}}$	$1.4\times {10}^{-7}$
${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ health-effect factor (${\text{DR}}_{{\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}}\times {\text{SF}}_{{\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}}$)	${\text{DALY}/\mathrm{kg}}_{{\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}\_\text{intake}}$	78
Above-background worker ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ exposure concentration (${\mathrm{C}}_{{\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5},\mathrm{p}}$)a	${\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$	1; 18
Probability of fatal incident (${\text{PF}}_{\mathrm{c}}$) for full-time worker	unitless	$2\times {10}^{-4}$
Number of full-time equivalent workers (${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{c},\mathrm{s}}$)b	persons	325
Worker life expectancy (${\text{LE}}_{\mathrm{c}}$)	year	43

Note: For concision, values are averaged over the considered timeframes and subpopulations of this study with exceptions below. Parameters that pertain to worker impacts are part of a separate sensitivity analysis. More detailed summaries of model parameterization are presented in the Supplemental Material.

^aEstimates are presented for both low and high emission scenarios separated by semicolons. For heavy equipment (with and without workers), these estimates correspond with the Tier 4 and Tier 3 emission control standards, respectively (U.S. EPA 2004b; U.S. EPA 1998). For barge traffic, these estimates represent the range of reported emission factors between barge companies from the U.S. EPA SmartWay Carrier Performance database (U.S. EPA 2016).

^bSummed across all general labor categories (c).