Table 3.
Univariate logistic regression analysis of variables associated with feline lower urinary tract disease in case (n = 78) and control (n = 78) cats that visited the Chiang Mai University Small Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital between November 2016 and October 2017.
| Variables | Clinically normal cats (n = 78) | Cats with FLUTD (n = 78) | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sexa | 0.003 | ||||
| Female intact | 12/78 (15.4%) | 1/78 (1.3%) | Reference | ||
| Female spayed | 13/78 (16.7%) | 7/78 (9.0%) | 6.46 | 0.69–60.53 | 0.102 |
| Male intacta | 30/78 (38.5%) | 34/78 (43.6%) | 13.60 | 1.67–110.85 | 0.015 |
| Male castrateda | 23/78 (29.5%) | 36/78 (46.2%) | 18.78 | 2.29–154.28 | 0.006 |
| Breeds | 0.615 | ||||
| Domestic shorthair | 58/78 (74.4%) | 52/78 (66.7%) | Reference | ||
| Siamese | 0/78 (0.0%) | 1/78 (1.3%) | N/A | ||
| Persian | 18/78 (23.1%) | 21/78 (26.9%) | 1.24 | 0.59–2.62 | 0.570 |
| Scottish fold | 0/78 (0.0%) | 1/78 (1.3%) | N/A | ||
| Exotic shorthair | 0/78 (0.0%) | 1/78 (1.3%) | N/A | ||
| American shorthair | 2/78 (2.6%) | 2/78 (2.6%) | 0.00 | 0.00–undefined | 0.970 |
| Type of diets | 0.054 | ||||
| Dry and canned food | 37/78 (47.4%) | 21/78 (26.9%) | Reference | ||
| Homemade food | 0/78 (0.0%) | 2/78 (2.6%) | N/A | ||
| Homemade & dry food | 8/78 (10.3%) | 10/78 (12.8%) | 2.20 | 0.75–6.44 | 0.149 |
| Dry fooda | 26/78 (33.3%) | 39/78 (50.0%) | 2.64 | 1.27–5.48 | 0.009 |
| Dry, canned, and homemade food | 7/78 (9.0%) | 6/78 (7.7%) | 1.51 | 0.45–5.09 | 0.506 |
| Frequency of mealsa | 0.162 | ||||
| 1 | 0/78 (0.0%) | 1/78 (1.3%) | N/A | ||
| 2 | 42/78 (53.9%) | 31/78 (39.7%) | Reference | ||
| 3 | 3/78 (3.9%) | 5/78 (6.4%) | 2.26 | 0.50–10.17 | 0.289 |
| 4 | 2/78 (2.6%) | 0/78 (0.0%) | N/A | ||
| Ad libitum | 31/78 (39.7%) | 41/78 (52.6%) | 1.79 | 0.93–3.46 | 0.082 |
| Drinking water source | 0.051 | ||||
| Filtered water | 22/78 (28.2%) | 7/78 (9.0%) | Reference | ||
| Underground water | 0/78 (0.0%) | 3/78 (3.9%) | N/A | ||
| Bottled water | 38/78 (48.7%) | 33/78 (42.3%) | 2.50 | 0.92–6.85 | 0.074 |
| Tap watera | 18/78 (23.1%) | 35/78 (44.9%) | 2.93 | 1.07–8.04 | 0.037 |
| Frequency of drinking water | ≅1.000 | ||||
| Ad libitum | 76/78 (97.4%) | 76/78 (97.4%) | Reference | ||
| 2 | 2/78 (2.6%) | 2/78 (2.6%) | 1.00 | 0.14–7.28 | ≅1.000 |
| Life style | 0.544 | ||||
| Indoor and outdoor | 10/78 (12.8%) | 6/78 (29.5%) | Reference | ||
| Outdoor | 20/78 (25.6%) | 23/78 (29.5%) | 1.92 | 0.59–6.21 | 0.280 |
| Indoor | 48/78 (61.5%) | 49/78 (62.8%) | 1.70 | 0.57–5.05 | 0.338 |
| Number of cats in the household | 0.511 | ||||
| 1 cat | 22/78 (28.2%) | 17/78 (21.8%) | Reference | ||
| 2 cats | 17/78 (21.8%) | 15/78 (19.3%) | 1.41 | 0.45–2.92 | 0.782 |
| ≥3 cats | 39/78 (50.0%) | 46/78 (59.0%) | 1.53 | 0.71–3.27 | 0.278 |
| Number of litter boxesa | 0.011 | ||||
| ≥no. of cats | 39/78 (50.0%) | 18/78 (23.1%) | Reference | ||
| <no. of catsa | 39/78 (50.0%) | 60/78 (76.9%) | 2.44 | 1.22–4.88 | 0.011 |
FLUTD, Feline lower urinary tract disease; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; N/A, not available.
ap < 0.05.