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. 2020 Jan 13;10:170. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56927-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Identification of the most relevant heartbeat segments for hypoglycemia detection using Grad-CAM method. The solid lines represent the mean of all the heartbeats that correspond to each subject in the training dataset: green during normal glucose levels, red during hypoglycemic events. The comparison among 4 different subjects highlighted the fact that each subject may have a different ECG waveform during hypoglycemic events for instance Subjects 1 and 2 present a visibly longer QT interval during hypoglycemic events, differently from subjects 3 and 4. The error bands represent the standard deviation of the considered heartbeats. The vertical bars represent the histograms of the sample points that were >0.9 in the normalised heatmaps obtained from applying Grad-CAM methods on all the training heartbeats.