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. 2020 Jan 13;10:157. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57011-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gdf5 expression during ectopic cartilage formation in vivo. (A) LacZ expression in fibroblast-like cells (blue, arrowheads) in medial synovium at 2 and 8 weeks post-DMM in Gdf5DOWN-LacZ mice (n = 3). At 8 weeks post-DMM, ectopic cartilage in synovium was observed with LacZ-expressing chondrocytes (blue, arrows) and surrounding LacZ-expressing fibroblast-like cells (blue, arrowheads). (B) Chondrophytes at 2 weeks post-DMM and mature osteophytes at 8 weeks post-DMM (indicated by dashed lines) showing LacZ-expressing chondrocytes (blue) in the chondrophytes in Gdf5DOWN-LacZ mice, but not Gdf5UP-LacZ mice, at 2 weeks post-DMM (n = 3 for both strains and both time points). LacZ, whole-mount X-gal staining to detect LacZ expression; SafO & FG, Safranin O and Fast Green counterstaining; Fast Red, Nuclear Fast Red counterstaining. Scale bars, (A) 100 μm, (B) 200 μm.