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. 2020 Jan 13;10:157. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57011-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gdf5 is switched on in areas undergoing ectopic cartilage formation in synovium. LacZ expression in lateral (A) and medial synovium (B–E) from Gdf5DOWN-LacZ mice 1 week (A,B) or 4 weeks (C–E) after joint surface injury (n = 4 for both timepoints). (A) LacZ expression was not detected in synovium (S) on the lateral side. (B) Clusters of LacZ-expressing fibroblast-like cells (blue, arrows) were found in the medial synovium, near the site of surgical incision. (C) LacZ expression in medial synovium persisted at 4 weeks after injury, particularly near surgical sutures (asterisk). Dotted line indicates area shown in (D) in a consecutive section. (D) IHC staining for Collagen type II (Col2; light brown) revealing LacZ-expressing chondrocytes (blue, arrowheads) embedded in a cartilage matrix surrounded by LacZ-expressing fibroblast-like cells (blue, arrows). (E) IHC staining for Yap showing LacZ-expressing cells (blue) with little or no Yap interspersed between Yap-expressing cells (light brown) that did not detectably express LacZ. LacZ, whole-mount X-gal staining to detect LacZ expression; Fast Red, Nuclear Fast Red counterstaining. Scale bars, 100 μm.