Table 2.

Undernutrition regulates metabolism-related, pro-oxidant, and anti-oxidant genes in the liver

Liver tissue	Sirt-1	Igf-1	Insr	Glut-2	Nf-κb	Nox-4	Sod-1	Sod-2	Gpx-3	Cat
7 days
Normal nutrition	0.94 ± 0.45	0.75 ± 0.43	0.40 ± 0.48	0.53 ± 0.64	1.66 ± 0.87	1.15 ± 0.83	0.74 ± 0.26	1.07 ± 0.42	1.40 ± 1.29	0.54 ± 0.37
Energy undernutrition	1.31 ± 0.70	0.80 ± 0.63	0.33 ± 0.41	1.03 ± 0.76	1.57 ± 0.80	1.34 ± 1.02	1.04 ± 0.35	1.72 ± 0.98	1.70 ± 0.73	0.38 ± 0.34
Protein-energy undernutrition	1.09 ± 0.43	0.77 ± 0.70	0.26 ± 0.45	0.88 ± 0.78	1.45 ± 1.05	0.97 ± 0.88	0.80 ± 0.31	1.76 ± 1.04	2.72 ± 2.35	0.20 ± 0.20*
14 days
Normal nutrition	0.45 ± 0.45	0.59 ± 0.37	0.50 ± 0.68	1.07 ± 0.26	1.05 ± 1.13	0.72 ± 0.51	0.97 ± 0.48	0.99 ± 0.22	4.23 ± 3.15	0.43 ± 0.47
Energy undernutrition	0.25 ± 0.15	1.01 ± 0.81	0.69 ± 0.71	0.68 ± 0.65	0.75 ± 0.43	0.62 ± 0.37	0.91 ± 0.21	0.59 ± 0.15*	3.72 ± 2.10	0.40 ± 0.36
Protein-energy undernutrition	0.27 ± 0.23	0.75 ± 0.47	0.23 ± 0.37	0.30 ± 0.33*	1.18 ± 1.36	0.86 ± 0.81	2.04 ± 0.72*##	0.46 ± 0.17**	3.48 ± 3.91	0.02 ± 0.02*
30 days
Normal nutrition	0.74 ± 0.24	0.48 ± 0.47	0.24 ± 0.26	0.98 ± 0.65	0.67 ± 0.28	1.25 ± 0.36	1.04 ± 0.09	2.50 ± 1.86	0.84 ± 0.53	0.69 ± 0.54
Energy undernutrition	0.68 ± 0.39	0.43 ± 0.09	0.22 ± 0.19	0.56 ± 0.30	0.60 ± 0.36	0.61 ± 0.26**	1.13 ± 0.92	0.57 ± 0.07*	2.31 ± 0.76*	0.67 ± 0.47
Protein-energy undernutrition	1.07 ± 0.93	0.70 ± 0.78	0.29 ± 0.25	0.70 ± 0.58	1.20 ± 1.28	0.42 ± 0.11***	1.10 ± 0.84	0.62 ± 0.19*	2.60 ± 2.47	0.46 ± 0.27

*p < 0.05/**p < 0.01/***p < 0.001 compared with corresponding normal nutrition; ^##p < 0.01 compared with corresponding energy undernutrition (n = 6 animals/group, analyzed in triplicate)