Table 1.
Descriptive summary of selected studies
| References | Sample | Researcher’s major | Related variables | Self-esteem measurement | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (mean) | Sex | n | Cal. | ||||
| Chung and Lee [30] | Undergraduate (unclear) | F | 356 | – | Fashion design, education | CA (esthetics), CA (body enhancement), CA (celebrity imitation behavior), CA (luxury goods preference) | Rosenberg (1965) |
| Ha and Kang [31] | High school student (unclear) | F | 391 | – | Beauty science, education | Appearance MB (AS needs), appearance MB (diet), appearance MB (makeup, hairstyle), stress (relationship with friends), stress (relationship with parents), stress (school records) | Coopersmith (1967) |
| Hwang et al. [32] | Undergraduate (unclear) | M, F | 685 | – | Fashion design | CS behavior | Rosenberg (1965) |
| Jang and Song [33] | High school student (unclear) | M, F | 631 | – | Education | Appearance satisfaction | Coopersmith (1967) |
| Jeon and Lee [34] | 10–40 s (unclear) | F | 813 | – | Apparel science | AS conformity, AS cost payment, AS risk tolerance, AS secret, AS value | Rosenberg (1965) |
| Jeon and Lee [35] | 10–40 s (unclear) | F | 813 | – | Apparel science | AS desire (face), AS desire (lipoplasty), AS desire (tatoo, breast augmentation, breast reduction), CA (esthetics), CA (fashion), CA (sexual attractiveness) | Rosenberg (1965) |
| Kim [36] | Undergraduate (unclear) | F | 156 | – | Nursing | AEBI, BAS, CS perception | Rosenberg (1965) |
| Kim and Kim [37] | High school student (unclear) | M, F | 289 | – | Beauty science | Fashion MB, hair care behavior, makeup MB, skin care behavior, weight control behavior | Rosenberg (1965), Coopersmith (1967), Pope et al. (1988) |
| Kim et al. [38] | Undergraduate (21.13 ± 2.12) | M, F | 255 | + | Nursing | CS acceptance | Rosenberg (1965) |
| Lee [39] | High school student (unclear) | F | 321 | + | Nursing | AEBI, AOBI, ASAA, BMI, CS needs, ideal BMI, ISAA | Rosenberg (1965) |
| Lee [40] | Undergraduate (unclear) | F | 350 | – | Fashion design | Apparel MB, appearance management cost, appearance satisfaction, BMI, cosmetics MB, hair care behavior, makeup MB, weight control behavior | Rosenberg (1965) |
| Lee and Park [41] | Undergraduate (22.0) | F | 232 | – | Business administration | ASAA, ISAA, media concern, physical appearance comparison | Rosenberg (1965) |
| Lee and Yang [42] | Adult (46.74 ± 11.31) | F | 201 | + | Nursing, beauty science | Age, appearance interest, appearance MB, CS interest, weight control intent | Rosenberg (1965) |
| Lee et al. [43] | Undergraduate (unclear) | M, F | 287 | – | Business administration | Care about appearance, Fashion pursuit, health pursuit, media exposure, self-monitoring level | Rosenberg (1965) |
| Son [44] | Undergraduate (20.62 ± 1.74) | F | 161 | – | Psychology | PS experience (yes), PS experience (no), PS satisfaction (yes), PS satisfaction (no) | Rosenberg (1965) |
| Suh and Jeong [45] | High school student and adult (28.47 ± 11.13) | F | 355 | – | Counseling, beauty science | Carefulness to choose beauty salon, carefulness to choose hairdresser, hair conditioner preference, hair management difficulties, hairdressing satisfaction | Rosenberg (1965) |
Cal., calculation; AEBI, appearance evaluation in body image; AOBI, appearance orientation in body image; AS, aesthetic surgery; ASAA, awareness in sociocultural attitude toward appearance; BAS, body area satisfaction in body image; Cal., calculation; CA, clothing attitude; CS, cosmetic surgery; F, female; IBMI, body mass index; ISAA, internalization in sociocultural attitude toward appearance; M, male; MB, management behavior; PS, plastic surgery