Table 1.
Descriptors of Patient Respondents to 2014 Health Center Patient Survey (n = 4225 Patients) and Matched Bureau of Primary Health Care-Funded Health Center Characteristics (n = 167 Health Centers)
| Descriptors | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Unweighted (n) | Weighted (%) (95% CI) | ||
| Patient-reported demographicsa | |||
| Genderb: Female | 2676 | 64.9 (60.4 to 69.2) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1147 | 51.0 (43.2 to 58.7) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1095 | 21.2 (16.3 to 27.0) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 234 | 1.67 (0.87 to 3.18) | |
| Otherc | 173 | 2.64 (1.49 to 4.65) | |
| Hispanic | 1576 | 23.6 (18.1 to 30.2) | |
| Age | |||
| 18–45 | 1542 | 48.0 (43.0 to 54.1) | |
| 45–65 | 2230 | 39.4 (33.7 to 45.4) | |
| 65+ | 453 | 12.6 (6.84 to 22.1) | |
| Recent immigrantd | 1867 | 28.4 (22.9 to 34.7) | |
| Insurance | |||
| Uninsured | 1024 | 29.3 (22.5 to 37.2) | |
| Public | 1741 | 41.2 (34.0 to 48.9) | |
| Private | 1460 | 29.5 (23.1 to 36.8) | |
| Patient-reported health status/utilizationa | |||
| Reported health status | |||
| Excellent/very good/good | 2057 | 55.9 (52.3 to 59.5) | |
| Fair/poor | 2168 | 44.1 (40.5 to 47.7) | |
| Multiple chronic conditionse | 2262 | 51.4 (46.9 to 55.8) | |
| Functional deficitsf | 1151 | 26.8 (23.3 to 30.7) | |
| Serious mental illnessg | 595 | 12.7 (9.83 to 16.2) | |
| Significant emotional distressh | 705 | 15.0 (12.3 to 18.1) | |
| Lifetime drug usei | 1855 | 46.3 (39.4 to 53.4) | |
| Continuity with health center | |||
| < 6 months | 507 | 9.87 (7.73 to 12.5) | |
| 6 months to 1–3 years | 1257 | 33.8 (29.5 to 38.3) | |
| > 3 years, < 5 years | 590 | 14.5 (11.9 to 17.6) | |
| 5+ years | 1869 | 41.8 (36.1 to 47.7) | |
| ED utilization last 12 monthsj | 2150 | 59.8 (45.6 to 54.0) | |
| Delay in medical carek | 1655 | 40.7 (35.5 to 46.0) | |
| Unable to access medical carek | 1574 | 39.3 (34.2 to 44.7) | |
| Delay in prescription accessl | 1540 | 35.8 (30.9 to 41.0) | |
| Unable to access prescriptionl | 1369 | 33.0 (28.8 to 37.4) | |
| Health center–reported practice level variables | |||
| State/regionm | |||
| Midwest | 584 | 20.9 (12.0 to 34.0) | |
| North East | 720 | 19.7 (11.9 to 30.8) | |
| South | 1208 | 30.5 (19.4 to 44.3) | |
| West | 1713 | 28.8 (18.1 to 42.6) | |
| Urbanicitya | Urban | 3015 | 47.3 (34.7 to 60.1) |
| Health center grantee typea | |||
| Public Housing Primary Care (PHPC) | 365 | 0.99 (0.68 to 1.44) | |
| Migrant Health Center (MHC) | 590 | 3.14 (2.08 to 4.73) | |
| Health Care for the Homeless (HCH) | 895 | 3.29 (2.23 to 4.82) | |
| Community Health Center (CHC) | 2375 | 92.6 (90.4 to 94.3) | |
| Health center panel sizem | |||
| ≤ 10k | 583 | 16.1 (8.5 to 28.3) | |
| > 10k to ≤ 40k | 1912 | 51.2 (38.4 to 63.9) | |
| > 40k | 1730 | 32.7 (23.1 to 44.0) | |
| Enabling services staffing < 10% FTEm,n | 1834 | 51.7 (38.6 to 64.5) | |
| Patient-reported social risk factorsa | |||
| Unstable employmento | 3104 | 70.3 (64.8 to 75.2) | |
| Unstable housingp | 1866 | 32.1 (27.6. to 36.9) | |
| Education: <high school diploma/GEDq | 1869 | 34.7 (30.4 to 39.2) | |
| %Federal poverty level (FPL)r | |||
| ≤ 100 | 2732 | 57.9 (53.3 to 62.3) | |
| 101–199 | 1224 | 32.0 (28.1 to 36.2) | |
| ≥ 200 | 269 | 10.1 (6.98 to 14.4) | |
| Patient report of assistancea | |||
| Obtaining free medications | 1407 | 28.0 (23.5 to 33.1) | |
| Transportation to health center | 774 | 11.6 (8.27 to 16.1) | |
| Applying for government benefits | 1177 | 23.7 (19.5 to 28.5) | |
| Any basic needs | 620 | 8.46 (6.24 to 11.4) | |
| Food | 439 | 5.68 (4.15 to 7.74) | |
| Housing | 296 | 2.57 (1.71 to 3.86) | |
| Employment | 212 | 3.68 (2.38 to 5.67) | |
| Childcare | 61 | 1.22 (0.691 to 2.16) | |
| Clothing/shoes | 309 | 2.99 (1.88 to 4.72) | |
aFrom 2014 Health Center Patient Survey (HCPS) dataset
bGender (biological sex at birth)
cNon-Hispanic other race (patients who selected multiple races or a specific race group with too few respondents to maintain confidentiality)
dRecent immigration (speaking non-English language at home and/or being born outside of the USA)
eMultiple chronic conditions (≥ 2 reported diagnoses of asthma, cancer, kidney disease, COPD, DM, CHF, hepatitis B or C, HIV, HLD, HTN, ischemic heart disease, stroke)
fFunctional impairment (≥ 1 difficulty with activities of daily living (ADLs))
gSerious mental illness (reported diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder)
hHigh psychological distress in the past 30 days (score ≥ 13 on Kessler Psychological Distress Scale)
iLifetime drug use: WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST)
jOne or more emergency department (ED) visits in past year
kNeeding medical care in the past year but experiencing delay or unmet needs
lNeeding prescription meds in the past year but experiencing delay or unmet needs
mFrom 2014 Uniform Data System
nProportion of full-time equivalents (FTEs) designated as enabling services, per UDS reporting guidelines. Absolute numbers were unavailable given the need to maintain health center anonymity. Within enabling services staffing, individual types of staff included case managers, patient and community education specialists, outreach workers, transportation workers, eligibility assistance workers, interpretation staff, and personnel performing other enabling services activities
oCurrently employed for pay vs. not
pUsually slept during the past week in either (1) in an emergency shelter, transitional shelter, or car, anywhere outside, or any other place not meant for habitation; (2) in a house, apartment, or room that they did not rent or own; (3) in their own place but moved two or more times in the past year or had been unable to pay the rent or mortgage at any time; (4) in their own place without multiple moves or difficulty paying rent/mortgage, but previously homeless versus stably housed without prior housing problems
q≥High school vs. not
rMeasure of household income