Table 2.

Percentage of Patients Who Reported Receiving Assistance from Their Bureau of Primary Health Care–Funded Health Center, by Patient Demographics, Self-Reported Health Status and Health Care Utilization, Practice-Level Characteristics, and Self-Reported Social Risk Factors

	Type of reported assistance
	Obtaining free medications			Health center transportation			Applying to government benefits			With basic needs*
	Unwtd† (n)	Wtd‡ (%)	p value§	Unwtd (n)	Wtd (%)	p value	Unwtd (n)	Wtd (%)	p value	Unwtd (n)	Wtd (%)	p value
Patient-reported demographics
Gender
Female	624	31.7	0.24	358	11.4	0.92	751	23.6	0.87	564	27.9	0.90
Male	783	26.0		416	11.7		426	24.0		910	27.6
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	430	27.1	0.32	191	6.3	< 0.01	287	18.9	0.01	374	22.0	0.02
Non-Hispanic Black	446	29.4		282	24.4		283	28.8		393	34.7
Non-Hispanic Asian	63	21.9		24	14.8		97	39.9		109	43.7
Other	63	4.5		56	18.5		51	15.1		64	38.3
Hispanic	405	26.9		221	10.4		459	29.4		534	31.4
Age
18–44	413	24.5	< 0.01	239	11.3	0.05	440	25.1	0.34	530	28.0	0.12
45–65	894	35.9		481	13.9		640	23.8		830	30.1
65+	100	17.1		54	5.5		97	16.3		114	19.3
Recent immigrant
Yes	498	28.0	0.97	255	10.8	0.65	568	29.3	0.04	661	31.2	0.241
No	909	28.1		519	11.9		609	21.5		813	26.3
Insurance
Public	588	35.8	0.01	365	18.5	< 0.01	566	28.5	0.12	693	32.0	0.53
Private	420	21.9		245	7.5		380	19.1		470	22.2
Uninsured	399	37.4		164	6.1		231	21.7		311	27.2
Patient-reported health status/utilization
Reported health status
Excellent/very good/good	606	24.2	< 0.01	342	10.1	0.15	542	22.5	0.38	679	26.8	0.53
Fair/poor	801	33.0		432	13.5		635	25.3		795	28.9
Multiple chronic conditions
Yes	852	33.4	0.01	457	12.4	0.42	636	22.8	0.59	809	26.9	0.59
No	555	22.4		317	10.7		541	24.7		665	28.6
Functional deficits
Yes	466	37.2	< 0.01	273	15.4	0.03	358	27.4	0.17	457	32.7	0.05
No	941	24.7		501	10.2		819	22.4		1017	25.9
Serious mental illness
Yes	267	45.0	0.01	165	20.1	0.02	168	25.8	0.66	233	32.4	0.32
No	1140	25.6		609	10.4		1009	23.4		1241	27.0
Significant emotional distress
Yes	287	34.7	0.12	170	20.7	< 0.01	209	28.6	0.18	274	36.4	0.03
No	1120	26.9		604	10.0		968	22.9		1200	26.2
Lifetime drug use
Yes	802	35.4	< 0.01	438	14.4	0.02	559	22.6	0.55	735	26.5	0.55
No	605	21.7		336	9.2		618	24.7		739	28.8
Continuity at health center
< 6 months	169	17.8	0.22	86	5.6	0.01	103	13.5	0.09	157	19.9	0.23
6 months to 1–3 years	409	30.3		205	8.3		317	23.4		408	26.1
> 3 years, < 5 years	213	31.5		117	11.1		177	23.3		215	26.7
5+ years	616	27.6		366	16.0		479	26.2		693	30.9
Emergency department utilization last 12 months
Yes	818	32.5	0.04	481	14.0	0.01	660	26.5	0.04	848	30.2	0.10
No	589	23.6		293	9.3		517	21.0		626	25.3
Delay in medical care
Yes	461	20.5	< 0.01	265	10.7	0.62	425	23.7	0.97	522	26.2	0.45
No	946	33.2		509	12.2		752	23.8		952	28.8
Unable to access medical care
Yes	453	21.5	0.01	259	11.5	0.96	405	23.7	0.99	503	26.3	0.55
No	954	32.3		515	11.7		772	23.8		971	28.6
Delay in prescription access
Yes	515	28.3	0.89	292	11.7	0.96	434	26.7	0.16	559	31.4	0.14
No	892	27.9		482	11.6		743	22.1		915	25.7
Unable to access prescription
Yes	457	30.0	0.46	261	10.7	0.60	382	25.7	0.29	484	30.2	0.24
No	950	27.1		513	12.0		795	22.8		990	26.5
Health center–reported practice level variables
Region
North East	221	24.7	0.53	205	24.1	< 0.01	226	32.2	0.15	289	37.3	0.08
South	386	27.5		151	4.3		209	18.9		283	20.9
Midwest	236	34.0		152	15.0		183	20.0		237	24.1
West	564	26.6		266	8.3		559	25.8		665	31.0
Urbanicity
Urban	1053	28.7	0.78	595	18.5	< 0.01	865	27.6	0.09	1102	32.1	0.07
Rural	354	27.4		179	5.39		312	20.3		372	23.8
Health center type
PHPC	119	35.4	< 0.01	73	21.4	< 0.01	106	28.2	< 0.01	128	34.5	< 0.01
MHC	124	16.9		87	12.6		165	29.1		190	32.2
HCH	536	62.9		336	39.9		313	36.6		457	53.1
CHC	628	27.1		278	10.5		593	23		699	26.6
Health center panel size
≤ 10k	225	33.7	0.53	112	11.0	0.45	169	21.8	0.47	214	31.0	0.56
> 10k to ≤ 40k	648	27.7		340	9.5		527	22.0		672	25.4
> 40k	534	25.8		322	15.3		481	27.4		588	29.7
Enabling services < 10% FTE
< 10%	536	23.6	0.06	301	9.0	0.14	441	18.5	0.02	556	21.0	< 0.01
≥ 10%	871	32.8		473	14.4		736	29.3		918	34.9
Patient reported social risk factors
Unstable job
Yes	1103	28.0	0.96	646	12.6	0.21	886	23.8	0.98	1126	27.4	0.75
No	304	28.2		128	9.2		291	23.7		348	28.6
Unstable housing
Yes	858	38.5	< 0.01	493	16.4	< 0.01	575	26.1	0.35	793	33.0	0.04
No	549	23.1		281	9.4		602	22.6		681	25.2
Education: < high school diploma/ GED
Yes	592	26.7	0.52	359	13.2	0.32	518	24.5	0.77	647	28.4	0.80
No	815	28.8		415	10.8		659	23.3		827	27.4
%Federal poverty level (FPL)
≤ 100	1002	27.7	0.13	587	14.3	0.05	794	25.9	0.01	1026	30.9	< 0.01
101–199	338	31.6		155	7.3		325	23.9		383	27.0
≥ 200	67	18.5		32	10.1		58	10.4		65	11.5

^*Basic needs assistance with housing, job, food, childcare, clothing/shoes

^†Untd unweighted

^‡Wtd weighted

^§Two-tailed p values obtained from weighted chi-square analyses comparing differences in patients who reported receiving assistance from their health center vs. those who did not report assistance. When variables have multiple categories, p values reflect between-group differences across all categories