Table 1.
Baseline group characteristics for in GWI (n=39), GWI subgroup with PEM endorsement (GWI+PEM; n=18), and healthy controls (n=28)
| GWI (n=39) | GWI+PEM (n=18) | CO (n=28) | GWI vs. CO | GWI+PEM vs. CO | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ES | 95% Cl | ES | 95% Cl | |
| Age (years) | 52.26 | 4.49 | 52.61 | 4.91 | 52.61 | 5.20 | −0.07 | −0.56, 0.41 | 0.00 | −0.59, 0.59 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 31.55 | 5.72 | 30.32 | 5.64 | 30.33 | 4.58 | 0.23 | −0.26, 0.72 | 0.00 | −0.59, 0.59 |
| Sex (Male/Female, %) | 89.7/10.3 | 88.9/11.1 | 89.3/10.7 | n/a | n/a | |||||
| Met criteria for Fibromyalgia (Yes/No, %) | 51.3/48.7 | 66.7/33.3 | 0/100 | n/a | n/a | |||||
| VR-36 Vitality | 30.90 | 21.82 | 28.33 | 17.24 | 72.50 | 15.06 | −2.13 | −2.74, −1.53 | −2.73 | −3.54, −1.91 |
| VR-36 Pain | 55.38 | 24.42 | 48.19 | 21.40 | 81.52 | 12.90 | −1.26 | −1.80, −0.73 | −1.96 | −2.68, −1.25 |
| VR-36 Physical Composite Score | 60.02 | 19.88 | 53.04 | 18.90 | 87.37 | 8.80 | −1.67 | −2.23, −1.11 | −2.48 | −3.26, −1.70 |
| VR-36 Mental Composite Score | 54.15 | 20.86 | 49.47 | 18.35 | 86.10 | 10.81 | −1.82 | −2.39, −1.24 | −2.54 | −3.32, −1.75 |
| MDFI Total | 66.69 | 14.38 | 69.56 | 10.85 | 37.68 | 13.15 | 2.07 | 1.47, 2.66 | 2.55 | 1.76, 3.34 |
| Fatigue Severity Scale score | 42.69 | 14.06 | 47.89 | 12.11 | 20.00 | 9.48 | 1.81 | 1.24, 2.39 | 2.59 | 1.80, 3.39 |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality score | 11.61 | 4.45 | 12.06 | 4.68 | 7.25 | 3.64 | 1.05 | 0.53, 1.56 | 1.16 | 0.52, 1.80 |
| IPAQ - Total activity (MET mins/week) | 1693.82 | 2328.10 | 1181.65 | 1060.82 | 2902.87 | 2761.20 | −0.48 | −0.98, 0.03 | −0.75 | −1.38, −0.12 |
| IPAQ- Sitting (mins/week) | 5487.10 | 11671.34 | 5071.11 | 6858.29 | 3489.50 | 4049.59 | 0.21 | −0.27, 0.70 | 0.29 | −0.30, 0.89 |
Note. Values for GWI, GWI+PEM and CO groups are listed as means (SD) unless specified otherwise. Criteria for fibromyalgia are based on American College of Rheumatology 2011 criteria27. VR-36 = Veterans RAND 36-item Health Survey; MDFI = Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; IPAQ = International Physical Activity Questionnaire.