Table 4:
Family ID |
No. of Affect ed Indivi duals |
ID | Phenotype | Histological Diagnosis | Potential Change in Diagnosis |
Genetic Diagnosis |
Final Diagnosis (OMIM Phenotype MIM No.) |
Material Change in Diagnosis |
Potential Treatment Change |
Nature of Change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 4 | 2A | Progressive CKD, onset in 20s and early onset gout | TIKD or Gouty Nephropathy | Yes | UMOD | ADTKD–UMOD (603860) | No | No | |
2B | Progressive CKD, onset in 20s and early onset gout | TI Fibrosis | Yes | No | ||||||
2C | Progressive CKD, onset in 20s and early onset gout | TI Fibrosis | Yes | No | ||||||
2D | Progressive CKD, onset in 20s and early onset gout |
MPGN/ DDD | Yes | No | ||||||
3 | 6 | 3A | Progressive non-proteinuric CKD, detected age 35 | Familial TIKD | Yes | MUC1 | ADTKD–MUC1 (174000) | No | No | |
3B | Progressive non-proteinuric CKD detected age 38 | Familial TIKD | Yes | No | ||||||
3C | Progressive non-proteinuric CKD detected mid-30s | Acute TI fibrosis | Yes | No | ||||||
3D | Progressive non-proteinuric CKD detected mid-30s |
Familial TIKD | Yes | No | ||||||
3E | Progressive non-proteinuric CKD age 40 | Familial TIKD | Yes | No | ||||||
3F | Progressive non-proteinuric CKD detected mid-30s | TI fibrosis | Yes | No | ||||||
4 | 2 | 4A* | CKD mid-30s, diabetes mellitus & annulara pancreas |
TIKD | Yes | HNF1B | ADTKD–HNF1B (137920) |
No | Yes | Liver and parathyroid screening |
4B* | CKD age 42, diabetes mellitus | TMA | Yes | Yes | ||||||
5 | 1 | 5A* | CKD, age 21, small cystic kidneys on renal US | TI Nephritis | Yes | NPHP1 | Nephronophthisis 1, juvenile (256100) | No | No | |
6 | 2 | 6A* | Small cystic kidneys, retinitis pigmentosa, mild learning disability | Early Nephronophthisis | Yes | IFT140 | Mainzer-Saldino Syndrome (266920) | No | No | |
6B* | Small cystic kidneys, retinitis pigmentosa, mild learning disability | TMA & TIKD | Yes | No | ||||||
7 | 1 | 7A | Low complement (C3), Gout, arthropathy, family history | Proliferative Glomerulonephritis | Yes | MUC1 | ADTKD–MUC1 (174000) | Yes | Yes | Steroid avoidance |
8 | 2 | 8A | Microscopic haematuria and CKD III |
IgA Nephropathy | Yes | COL4A5 | Alport syndrome I, X linked (301050) |
Yes | Yes | ENT & Ophthalmology Review |
8B | Progressive CKD detected in 40s, haematuria detected in 20s | Arteriosclerosis with fibrosis | Yes | Yes | ||||||
9 | 1 | 9A | Hypertension, proteinuria and haematuria |
Focal proliferative GN | Yes | COL4A5 | Alport syndrome I, X linked (301050) |
Yes | Yes | ENT & Ophthalmology Review |
11 | 1 | 11A | Progressive CKD, Glaucoma and hearing impairment | FSGS | Yes | COL4A5 | Alport syndrome I, X linked (301050) | Yes | No | |
12 | 1 | 12A* | Haematuria and proteinuria, nephew with hearing loss | Alport Syndrome | No | COL4A5 | Alport syndrome I, X linked (301050) | No | No | |
13 | 1 | 13A* | Progressive haematuria, CKD and hearing loss |
Alport Syndrome | No | COL4A5 | Alport syndrome I, X linked (301050) |
No | No | |
14 | 1 | 14A* | Bilateral small kidneys, gout, retinitis pigmentosa, anaemia and pseudotumour cerebri | FSGS | Yes | FANCI | Fanconi Anaemia, complementation group I (609053) |
Yes | Yes | Cancer screening |
15 | 3 | 15A | Progressive CKD | TIKD | Yes | UMOD | ADTKD–UMOD (603860) |
Yes | No | |
15B | Progressive CKD in mid-50s, Bechet’s disease |
Chronic TMA/FSGS | Yes | Yes | ||||||
15C | Sarcoidosis, CKD | Chronic TMA | Yes | Yes | ||||||
16 | 1 | 16A | Haematuria, progressive CKD and hearing loss |
Alport Syndrome | No | COL4A5 | Alport syndrome I, X linked (301050) |
No | No | |
17 | 1 | 17A | Haematuria, progressive CKD and hearing loss | Alport Syndrome | No | COL4A5 | Alport syndrome I, X linked (301050) | No | No | |
18 | 4 | 18A | Progressive CKD, 1.8gm proteinuria, no evidence of systemic TMA | TMA & TBMN | Yes | INF2 | Glomerulosclerosis, focal segmental, 5 (613237) |
Yes | No | |
18B | Proteinuria but normal renal function, age 42, no evidence of systemic TMA | TMA & TBMN | Yes | Yes | ||||||
18C | Proteinuria, progressive CKD, no evidence of systemic TMA |
TMA & TBMN | Yes | Yes | ||||||
18D | Progressive CKD, ESRD age 36, no evidence of systemic TMA | TMA & TBMN | Yes | Yes | ||||||
19 | 1 | 19A | Progressive CKD, no systemic evidence of TMA | TMA | Yes | MUC1 | ADTKD–MUC1 (174000) | Yes | No | |
20 | 2 | 20A | Cystic kidney with slowly progressive CKD, raised liver enzymes, no evidence of systemic TMA |
Acute TMA | Yes | HNF1B | ADTKD–HNF1B (137920) |
Yes | Yes | Diabetic Screening |
20B | Congenital abnormality of the kidney | Oligomegonephronia | Yes | Yes | ||||||
21 | 2 | 21A* | Low complement (C3) levels and normal renal function | Within normal limits | Yes | C3 | C3 Deficiency (612925) | Yes | No | |
21B* | ESKD age 23, bland urinalysis | Mesangial Proliferation | Yes | INF2 | Glomerulosclerosis, focal segmental, 5 (613237) |
Yes | No | |||
22 | 1 | 22A* | CKD diagnosed aged 26, hypertension, father and sister with history of CKD | Arteriosclerosis | Yes | WNK4 | Pseudo- hypoaldosteronism - hypertensive CKD (614491) | Yes | Yes | Salt avoidance and use of thiazides |
23 | 1 | 23A* | Gout and progressive kidney disease and nephrotic range proteinuria in mid-20s | Severe fibrosis | Yes | SLC3A1 | Cystinuria (220100) | Yes | Yes | Stone prevention, increased fluid intake |
TMA, thrombotic microangiopathy; TBMN, thin basement membrane nephropathy; FSGS, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis; TIKD, tubulointerstitial kidney disease; DDD, dense deposit disease
Genetic diagnosis as reported by Connaughton DM, Kennedy C, Shril S, et al. Monogenic causes of chronic kidney disease in adults. Kidney Int. February 2019. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.03