Table 2.
Medicinal plants traditionally applied for impotence and ED.
| Family | Scientific name | Traditional name | Part used | Administration | Dose/day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acoraceae | Acorus calamus L. | Voj | Root | Oral | 4.2 g |
| Amaryllidaceae | Allium ampeloprasum L. | Korrās | Leaves | Oral, Topical | 14.7 g |
| Allium cepa L. | Basal | Bulb | Oral | 4.2 g | |
| Allium sativum L. | Soom | Bulb, oil | Topical | – | |
| Narcissus tazetta L. | Narjes | Seeds | Oral | 1.8 g | |
| Anacardiaceae | Pistacia terebinthus L. | Habat-ol-khazrā | Seeds | Oral | 10.8 g |
| Semecarpus anacardium L.f. | Belādor | Seed | Oral | – | |
| Apiaceae | Conopodium majus (Gouan) Loret | Jowz-e- argham | Root | Oral | 8.4 g |
| Daucus carota L. | Jazar | Seeds | Oral | 7.2 g | |
| Ferula assa-foetida L. | Anjedān | Seeds | Oral | 8.4 g | |
| Ferula persica Willd. | Sakbinaj | Gum | Oral | 3.6 g | |
| Pimpinella anisum L. | Anisoun | Seeds | Oral | 18 g | |
| Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague | Nānkhāh | Seeds | Oral | 10.8 g | |
| Apocynaceae | Nerium oleander L. | Defli | Flower | Oral | 1.8 g |
| Arecaceae | Cocos nucifera L. | Nārjil | Fruit | Oral | – |
| Phoenix dactylifera L. | Tamr | Flower, Fruit | Oral | – | |
| Aristolochiaceae | Asarum europaeum L. | Asāroun | Root | Oral | 12.6 g |
| Asparagaceae | Asparagus officinalis L. | Halioon | Root | Oral | 10.8 g |
| Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl. | Balboos | Bulb | Topical | – | |
| Polygonatum orientale Desf. | Shaghāghol | Root, Jams | Oral | 18 g | |
| Asteraceae | Achillea millefolium L. | Hozonbol | Root | Oral | 8.4 g |
| Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lag. | āghergharhā | Root | Oral | 3.6 g | |
| Calendula officinalis L. | Azariyoun | Flower | Oral, Topical | 16 g | |
| Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. | Bahmangrah | Aerial parts | Oral | 12.6 g | |
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | Bāboonaj | Fruit, Root | Oral | 12.6 g | |
| Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip. | Aghhvān | Flower | Topical | 8.4 g | |
| Boraginaceae | Echium amoenum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. | Lesān -olasāfir | Leaves | Oral | 10.8 g |
| Myosotis palustris (L.) Nathh. | Azān-ol-fār | Juice | Topical | 4.2 g | |
| Brassicaceae | Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. | Alsan | Aerial Parts | Oral | 7.2 g |
| Brassica nigra (L.) K.Koch | Khardal | Fruit | Oral | 10.8 g | |
| Brassica oleracea L. | Karanb | Seeds | Oral | 8.4 g | |
| Brassica rapa L. | Shaljam | Seeds | Topical | – | |
| Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. | Jerjir | Seeds | Oral | 10.8 g | |
| Erysimum × cheiri (L.) Crantz | Kheiri | Fruit oil | Topical | – | |
| Lepidium latifolium L. | Shitaraj | Aerial parts | Oral | 4.2 g | |
| Lepidium sativum L. | Horf | Seeds | Oral | 14.4 g | |
| Burseraceae | Boswellia sacra Flueck. | Kondor | Gum | Oral | 1.8 g |
| Commiphora mukul (Hook. ex Stocks) Engl. | Moghl | Gum | Oral | 3.6 g | |
| Capparaceae | Capparis spinosa L. | Kabar | Root | Oral | 10.8 g |
| Caprifoliaceae | Lonicera periclymenum L. | Soltan-oljabal | Flower | Nasal | – |
| Corylaceae | Corylus avellana L. | Bondogh | Seed | Oral | 72 g |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus esculentus L. | Hab-ol-zalm | Seeds | Oral | 29.4 g |
| Cyperus longus L. | So'ad | Root | Oral, Topical | 8.4 g | |
| Elaeagnaceae | Elaeagnus angustifolia L. | Ghobeirā | Flower | Oral | 4.2 g |
| Fabaceae | Abrus precatorius L. | Ayn-ol-dik | Seeds | Oral | 1.8 g |
| Alhagi maurorum Medik. | Taranjabin | Gum | Oral | 28.4 g | |
| Phaseolus vulgaris L. | Loobia | Seeds | Oral | – | |
| Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd. | Karasneh | Seeds | Oral | 10.8 g | |
| Fagaceae | Castanea sativa Mill. | Shāhbaloot | Seeds | Oral | – |
| Iridaceae | Crocus sativus L. | Zafarān | Flower | Oral | 7.2 g |
| Juglandaceae | Juglans regia L. | Jowz | Seeds, Jams | Oral | – |
| Lamiaceae | Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. | Hāshā | Aerial parts | Oral | 8.4 g |
| Zataria multiflora Boiss. | Sa'atar | Seeds | Oral | 8.4 g | |
| Lauraceae | Cinnamomum verum J.Presl | Dārsini | Bark | Oral | 7.2 g |
| Linaceae | Linum usitatissimum L. | Katān | Seeds | Oral | 14.4 g |
| Malvaceae | Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench | Bāmieh | Fruit | Oral | – |
| Gossypium herbaceum L. | Hab-olghatan | Seeds | Oral | 21 g | |
| Moraceae | Ficus carica L. | Tin | Fruit | Oral | 84 g |
| Myristicaceae | Myristica fragrans Houtt. | Basbāseh | Fruit | Oral | 10.8 g |
| Myrtaceae | Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry | Gharanfol | Buds | Oral | 4.2 g |
| Nymphaeaceae | Nymphaea lotus L. | Bashneen | Leaf | Oral | 75.6 g |
| Pedaliaceae | Sesamum indicum L. | Samsam | Seeds | Oral | 18 g |
| Phyllanthaceae | Phyllanthus emblica L. | Amlaj | Fruit | Oral | 18 g |
| Pinaceae | Pinus pinea L. | Senowbar | Seeds | Oral | 7.2 g |
| Plumbaginaceae | Limonium vulgare Mill. | Bahman | Root | Oral | 8.4 g |
| Portulacaceae | Portulaca oleracea L. | Baghlat-ol-hamghā | Aerial parts | Oral | 18 g |
| Ranunculaceae | Nigella sativa L. | Shooneez | Seeds | Topical | – |
| Rosaceae | Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl | Khobbeh | Seeds | Oral | – |
| Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb | Lawz-olholv | Seeds | Oral | – | |
| Salicaceae | Salix aegyptiaca L. | Khelāf-al-balkhi | Flower distillate | Oral | – |
| Smilacaceae | Smilax china L. | Choob-e-chini | root | Oral | – |
| Sterculiaceae | Glossostemon bruguieri Desf. | Moghās | Seeds | Oral | 7.2 g |
| Urticaceae | Urtica dioica L. | Anjoreh | Seeds, oil | Oral, Topical | 10.8 g |
| Zingiberaceae | Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. | Khoolanjān | Root | Oral | 3.6 g |
| Zingiber officinale Roscoe | Zanjebeel | Root | Oral | 7.2 g | |
| Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. | Zaranbād | Root | Topical | – | |
| Zygophyllaceae | Tribulus terrestris L. | Hasak | Seeds | Oral | 18 g |