Table 3.

Medicinal plants with aphrodisiac activity.

Medicinal Plant	Study	Part and Extract	Outcomes	Ref.
Allium cepa	In vivo	Onion fresh juice (3 cc/daily to rats)	-Increased serum total testosterone level -Increased total antioxidant capacity	74
Anacyclus pyrethrum	In vivo	Aqueous extract of roots (oral; 50 and 100 mg/kg in rats) petroleum ether extract (oral; 50 and 100 mg/kg)	-Pronounced anabolic and spermatogenic effect -Increased sperm count and fructose levels -Increased penile erection index as well as reduction in mount and intromission latency	70 71
Myristica fragrans	In vivo	50% ethanol extract of buds (oral; 500 mg/kg to mice and rats)	-Increased mounting behavior and mating performance	66,68
Phoenix dactylifera	In vivo	Aqueous Extract of pollens (injection; 35, 70, 105, 144 and 350 mg/kg to rats)	-increased mount, ejaculation, intromission frequencies and ejaculation latency	67
Syzygium aromaticum	In vivo	50% ethanol extract of buds (oral; 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg to rats) Hexane extract of buds (oral; 15 mg/kg to mice) 50% ethanol extract of buds (oral; 500 mg/kg to mice)	-Increased libido and erection, mounting frequency, intromission frequency and latency. -Increased Delta (5) 3-beta and 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and testosterone -Increased mounting behavior and mating performance	72 73 66
Tribulus terrestris	In vivo	Fruits extract (oral; 5 mg/kg) Fruits extract (oral; 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg to rabbits) Fruits lyophilized aqueous extract (oral; 50 and 100 mg/kg)	-increased prostate weight and intra-cavernous pressure -Increased mount and intromission frequencies -Pro-erectile effects on corpus cavernosum -Increased mount and intromission frequency, penile erection index -Decreased mount, intromission, and ejaculatory latency -serum testosterone levels (chronic use)	76 77 78
Zingiber officinale	In vivo	Aqueous extract (oral; 600 mg/kg to rats)	-Increased testis relative weight -Increased serum testosterone and testicular cholesterol level	69
Ferula assa-foetida	Human study	Ethanol extract from seeds in combination with root 50% water-ethanol extracts	-Quantitative improvements of sperm counts after two months -improvements in both their libido and erectile function	75