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. 2019 Oct 23;9(2):239–255. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.10.006

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© 2020 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

NKCC1 is required for goblet cells mucus granule exocytosis. Representative transmission electron microscopy images of (A and B) NKCC1^WT/WT, (C and D) NKCC1^WT/DFX, and (E and F) NKCC1^DFX/DFX mouse colon sections. In this experiment, 3 mice per group and 10–20 micrographs per mouse section were analyzed. Stars show the proper release of mucus from goblet cell granules. Red circles highlight improper release of intact mucus granules. Scale bars: (A, C, and E) 2 μm, and (B, D, and F) 500 nm. (G–I) Representative immunostaining of mucus granules with specific protein CLCA1 (green), counterstained with DAPI (blue). Arrowheads indicate accumulation of CLCA1 in the lumen of NKCC1^WT/DFX and NKCC1^DFX/DFX mouse colons. Dotted lines mark the surface of the epithelium. Fg, floating granules.