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. 2019 Nov 2;9(2):219–237. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.10.011

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© 2020 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Wrong-time eating interacts with alcohol to promote polyposis. (A) TS4/APC mice were given access to alcohol (15% in water) or water and access to standard chow ad libitum, during the dark period (RTE), or during the light period (WTE) (n = 5 mice per treatment group). (B) Feeding protocol (RTE or WTE) did not affect average food or alcohol intake, and (C) did not impact polyp numbers in water-treated animals. (D) Compared with water-treated animals, WTE + alcohol mice had more polyps (tubular adenomas) (left), more large (≥1 mm) polyps (right), and (E) advanced adenomas (ie, severe, high-grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ). (Ei) Example of a 10× view of a tubular adenoma in a WTE + alcohol animal: vertical arrow indicates low-grade dysplasia; horizontal arrow indicates carcinoma in situ (high-grade dysplasia) changes with back-to-back glands and no intervening stroma (Eii, 40× view), and cribriforming glands with focal necrosis (Eiii, 40× view). Data are expressed as means ± SD. ∗P < .05, **P < .01, ∗∗∗P < .001. Ad lib, ad libitum.