Table 1.

Main targets of the hypoglycemic drugs currently approved for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (Adapted from [33]).

Drug Targets	Hyperglycemic Effect Observed with:
Insulin secretion	↗ Incretins ↗ Meglitinides ↗ Sulfonylureas
Glucagon secretion	↓ incretins ↓ amylin
Gastrointestinal tract	Incretins Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Amylin Sequestrant of bile salt
Hepatic glucose output	↓ Metformin ↓ Thiazolidinediones
Lipotoxicity	Thiazolidinediones
Control of appetite	Incretins Amylin
Neurotransmitter Dysfunction	Bromocriptine
Glucose reabsorption	↓ Gliflozins inhibitors
Glucose uptake and use	↗ Metformin ↗ Thiazolidinediones