Table 2.
Incidence and prevalence rates previously reported used to estimate the burden of fungal infections.
| Diseases | Population | Prevalence | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cryptococcal Infection | Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg)–positive HIV-infected persons <150 CD4 cells/µL | 6.2% | Beyene et al. [25] |
| Cryptococcal antigenemia among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia | 8.4% | Alemu et al. [26] | |
| Cryptococcal disease among hospitalized HIV–infected adults in Ethiopia | 9.1% | Mamuye et al. [27] | |
| Cryptococcal antigenemia ART-naïve and experienced HIV-infected persons | 10.2% | Beyene et al. [28] | |
| Cryptococcal antigenemia among HIV-infected patients at a referral hospital | 11.7% | Derbie et al. [29] | |
| PCP | Pulmonary infections in TB smear-negative HIV-positive patients with atypical chest X-ray in Ethiopia | 29.7% | Aderaye et al. [30] |
| HIV-positive patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia | 10.9% | Aderaye et al. [31] | |
| Oral candidiasis | PLWHA ART-naive with CD4 <200 cells per µL | 90% | Fabian et al. [32] |
| Oesophageal candidiasis | AIDS patients in Denmark. In total, 20% of patients with HIV not on ARVs and 5% of those on ARVs | 20% ART-naive and 5% of those on ART | Smith and Orholm [33] |
| ABPA | Adult asthmatics | 2.5% | Denning et al. [34] |
| CPA | Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis commonly complicates treated pulmonary tuberculosis with residual cavitation | 6.5% annually in those with tuberculosis cavity and 0.2% with no cavities, assumed to be 67% of all TB-related CPA | Page et al. [35] |
| SAFS | Severe asthmatics (adults). In total, 10% of asthmatics have severe asthma | 33% | Denning et al. [34] |
| rVVC | Adult women | 6% | Sobel et al. [36] Foxman et al. [37] |
| Tinea capitis | School-age children | 32.3% | Hibstu et al. [38] |
| Children | 29% | Figueroa et al. [39] | |
| Children from grade 1 to grade 4 | 27.4% | Murgia et al. [40] | |
| Primary school children in rural areas | 24.6% | Leiva-Salinas et al. [41] |
CrAg, cryptococcal antigen; PLWHA, people living with HIV/AIDS; ART, antiretroviral therapy; ABPA, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; CPA, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis; SAFS, severe asthma with fungal sensitisation; rVVC, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis; IQR, interquartile range; TB, Tuberculosis; PCP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.