Table 1.

Summary Statistics of Key Variables

	Relationship with Mothers		Relationship with Fathers
	N/Mean(SD)	%/Min./Max.	N/Mean(SD)	%/Min./Max.
Sample Size
Wave 1 (1993–1994)	4,696	-	2,134	-
Wave 2 (2004–2005)	1,570	-	375	-
Wave 3 (2010–2011)	431	-	46	-
Childhood Problemsa
Verbal abuse by mother	186	5.34	84	5.35
Physical abuse by mother	287	8.24	140	8.97
Verbal abuse by father	339	9.55	153	9.55
Physical abuse by father	430	12.15	211	13.21
Neglected	415	11.61	169	10.54
Relationship with Parentsb
Perceived closeness	3.49 (0.66)	1/4	3.38 (0.74)	1/4
Frequency of contact	112.38 (119.83)	0/365	88.74 (103.45)	0/365
Support exchangec	1.20 (1.15)	0/3	1.18 (1.16)	0/3
Psychological Functioningb
Psychological well-being	4.91 (0.66)	1.7/6	4.90 (0.67)	2.1/6
Depressive symptoms	0.79 (0.42)	02.65	0.81 (0.42)	0/2.65
Sociodemographic Covariates
Gendera
Male	2,183	46.49	1,009	47.28
Female	2,513	53.51	1,125	52.72
Agea	54.13 (0.49)	53/56	54.11 (0.48)	53/56
Educational attainmenta	13.66 (2.29)	12/21	13.79 (2.31)	12/20
Marital statusb
Married	-	81.24	-	82.66
Non-married	-	18.76	-	17.34
Self-rated healthb
Excellent/verygood/good	-	87.93	-	88.56
Fair/poor	-	12.07	-	11.44
Birth yeara
1937	83	1.77	32	1.50
1938	666	14.19	287	13.45
1939	3,719	79.21	1,709	80.08
1940	227	4.83	106	4.97
Childhood Covariatesa
Family-related adversity	0.28 (0.55)	0/3	0.21 (0.49)	0/3
Father’s education	9.94 (3.39)	0/26	10.26 (3.33)	0/26

Notes. The Relationship with Mothers (or Fathers) group consisted of respondents whose mothers (or fathers) were alive across the three waves and reported relationship quality with mothers (or fathers) at each wave. The percentage of variables were calculated based on valid response cases excluding missingness.

^adenotes values at Wave 1.

^bdenotes grand-means of participants across three-time points.

^cSupport exchange was assessed in regard to both parents.