Table 2.
Association between T2D and walkability
| Sensitivity analysis | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalent T2D (N = 16,008) |
Incident T2D (N = 12,105) |
Incident T2D non-movers (N = 5901) |
Incident T2D age ≥ 30 years at baseline (N = 11,416) | |||||
| RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |
| Impedance | ||||||||
| Crude | 1.02 | 0.97, 1.08 | 1.00 | 0.94, 1.05 | 0.99 | 0.92, 1.07 | 1.00 | 0.95, 1.07 |
| Adjusted | 1.03 | 0.97, 1.09 | 1.00 | 0.94, 1.06 | 1.02 | 0.95, 1.11 | 0.99 | 0.93, 1.06 |
| Transit stations | ||||||||
| Crude | 1.05 | 0.99, 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.13 | 1.09 | 1.00, 1.17 | 1.05 | 0.99, 1.11 |
| Adjusted | 1.03 | 0.97, 1.10 | 1.05 | 0.98, 1.13 | 1.05 | 0.97, 1.15 | 1.06 | 0.98, 1.14 |
| Points of interest | ||||||||
| Crude | 1.04 | 0.99, 1.09 | 1.06 | 0.99, 1.12 | 1.02 | 0.95, 1.10 | 1.05 | 0.99, 1.11 |
| Adjusted | 1.05 | 0.99, 1.11 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.08 | 0.98 | 0.91, 1.07 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.08 |
Adjusted models are controlled for sex, age at baseline, education, and cohort. T2D Type 2 diabetes, RR Relative risk, CI Confidence interval. RR are from modified Poisson regression models and reported per 1 standard deviation of walkability measures. RR over 1 indicate higher risk of T2D in areas with more transit stations and POI (indicators of better walkability). RR over 1 indicate higher risk of T2D in areas with higher impedance (indicator of poorer walkability)
For prevalent T2D analysis (N = 16,008): standard deviation (SD) impedance: 291.3, POI: 4.8, transit stations: 4.4
For incident T2D analysis (N = 12,105): SD impedance: 286.8, POI: 7.1, transit stations: 5.3
For incident T2D non-movers (N = 5901) SD impedance = 284.6, POI: 6.7, transit stations: 4.9
For incident T2D age ≥ 30 years at baseline (N = 11,416) SD impedance: 282.5, POI: 7.5, transit stations: 4.1