Fig. 6.

BDNF lowered the mechanical withdrawal threshold further and promoted activation of astrocytes and microglia, and enhanced the p38/JNK pathway to aggravate the release of IL-1β and TNF-α in the SDH of CYP-induced cystitis. a BDNF treated every other day after CYP injection could further lower the mechanical withdrawal threshold and suppress the retrieval of mechanical threshold when compared with the CYP + PBS group. After the exogenous BDNF injection, Western blots showing the expression of b BDNF, c TrkB, d p-TrkB, e Iba1, f GFAP, g p-p38, h p-JNK, i TNF-α, and j IL-1β were all further upregulated when compared with the CYP + PBS group. Data of mechanical withdrawal threshold were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Sidak's multiple comparisons test. All data were calculated as mean ± SEM (n = 10 per group). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. the control group. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs. the CYP + rBDNF group. $p < 0.05, $$p < 0.01, $$$p < 0.001 vs. the CYP + PBS group