Table 2.
Analysis of the central metabolites in the three wheat genotypes detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
| Svevo | Zavitan | Chinese Spring | one way ANOVA | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class | Metabolite (relative abundance of the ion counts) | Average +/− SE | Average +/− SE | Average +/− SE | F value | P value (FDR) | |||||||||
| Amino acid | Aspartic acid | 9.41 | +/− | 0.48 | ab | 20.23 | +/− | 7.60 | a | 5.67 | +/− | 0.87 | b | 6.1 | 5.0E-02 |
| Phenylalanine | 0.70 | +/− | 0.07 | b | 2.13 | +/− | 0.77 | a | 0.59 | +/− | 0.05 | b | 7.6 | 3.5E-02 | |
| Tryptophan | 0.01 | +/− | 0.00 | b | 0.05 | +/− | 0.02 | a | 0.02 | +/− | 0.01 | ab | 8.4 | 3.2E-02 | |
| Tyrosine | 0.02 | +/− | 0.01 | b | 0.10 | +/− | 0.03 | ab | 0.14 | +/− | 0.04 | a | 6.2 | 4.8E-02 | |
| Organic acid | Citric acid | 5.40 | +/− | 0.32 | b | 17.03 | +/− | 6.09 | a | 4.73 | +/− | 0.46 | b | 8.1 | 3.3E-02 |
| Fumaric acid | 0.28 | +/− | 0.02 | b | 1.03 | +/− | 0.28 | a | 0.41 | +/− | 0.06 | b | 11.7 | 1.4E-02 | |
| Gluconic acid | 0.14 | +/− | 0.01 | b | 0.99 | +/− | 0.39 | a | 0.30 | +/− | 0.02 | b | 9.0 | 3.0E-02 | |
| Glyceric acid | 1.92 | +/− | 0.11 | b | 5.57 | +/− | 1.88 | a | 4.46 | +/− | 0.57 | ab | 6.3 | 4.8E-02 | |
| Hexadecanoic acid | 3.95 | +/− | 0.35 | b | 12.22 | +/− | 2.09 | a | 5.98 | +/− | 1.24 | b | 12.6 | 1.3E-02 | |
| Hydroquinone | 0.15 | +/− | 0.01 | b | 0.38 | +/− | 0.11 | a | 0.14 | +/− | 0.02 | b | 8.3 | 3.2E-02 | |
| Malic acid | 5.51 | +/− | 0.52 | b | 18.82 | +/− | 4.77 | a | 7.15 | +/− | 0.71 | b | 13.5 | 1.2E-02 | |
| Octadecanoic acid | 4.92 | +/− | 0.39 | b | 14.30 | +/− | 2.28 | a | 7.23 | +/− | 0.91 | b | 18.7 | 7.2E-03 | |
| Quinic acid | 4.33 | +/− | 0.52 | b | 13.22 | +/− | 3.16 | a | 8.75 | +/− | 0.93 | ab | 10.6 | 1.9E-02 | |
| Saccharic acid | 0.72 | +/− | 0.06 | b | 2.23 | +/− | 0.75 | a | 0.13 | +/− | 0.01 | b | 13.4 | 1.2E-02 | |
| Shikimic acid | 4.11 | +/− | 0.73 | b | 7.43 | +/− | 2.33 | ab | 9.11 | +/− | 0.67 | a | 6.8 | 4.2E-02 | |
| 2-Oxogluconic acid | 5.29 | +/− | 0.62 | b | 17.44 | +/− | 3.53 | ab | 23.68 | +/− | 5.90 | a | 6.7 | 4.2E-02 | |
| Sugar | Fructose | 3.16 | +/− | 0.19 | b | 11.79 | +/− | 3.60 | ab | 20.36 | +/− | 5.05 | a | 7.5 | 3.5E-02 |
| Glucose | 3.45 | +/− | 0.38 | b | 11.01 | +/− | 2.54 | ab | 16.29 | +/− | 2.56 | a | 14.4 | 1.2E-02 | |
| Maltose | 0.43 | +/− | 0.02 | b | 68.83 | +/− | 22.33 | a | 0.65 | +/− | 0.11 | b | 20.2 | 7.2E-03 | |
| Ribose | 0.56 | +/− | 0.05 | b | 1.75 | +/− | 0.60 | a | 2.39 | +/− | 0.15 | a | 19.0 | 7.2E-03 | |
| Xylose | 0.15 | +/− | 0.01 | b | 0.39 | +/− | 0.14 | a | 0.39 | +/− | 0.04 | a | 7.5 | 3.5E-02 | |
| N-acetylmannosamine | 0.37 | +/− | 0.02 | b | 1.06 | +/− | 0.38 | a | 0.99 | +/− | 0.04 | a | 8.8 | 3.0E-02 | |
| Sugar acid | Galactaric acid | 0.24 | +/− | 0.01 | b | 0.56 | +/− | 0.18 | a | 0.03 | +/− | 0.01 | b | 14.2 | 1.2E-02 |
| Sugar alcohol | Galactinol | 1.93 | +/− | 0.21 | b | 10.73 | +/− | 3.63 | a | 1.90 | +/− | 0.35 | b | 12.1 | 1.4E-02 |
The metabolic profile was conducted in 11-day-old wheat leaves, and metabolites were normalized to the internal standard and presented as the relative abundance of the ion counts. The P value (fold discovery rate) was calculated using one-way ANOVA analysis (Tukey HSD), and the different superscript letters indicate statistical significance (mean ± SE, n = 3–6)