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. 2020 Jan 13;20:10. doi: 10.1186/s12866-019-1694-1

Table 2.

Analysis of risk factors for E. bieneusi infection

Variable Examined no. (%) Positive no (%) ORa (95% CIb) χ2/P-value
Demographic factor Sex Male 94/54.65 11/11.70 2.45 (0.75, 8.03) 1.56/0.21
Female 78/45.35 4/5.13
Age (years) Children (<  13) 97/56.39 5/5.15 Ref
Teenagers (13–17) 41/23.84 5/12.20 0.39 (0.11, 1.43) 2.13/0.15
Adults (≥ 18 years) 34/19.77 5/14.71 0.32 (0.09, 1.17) 3.26/0.07
Clinical symptoms Diarrhea Yes 42/24.42 3/7.14 0.76 (0.20, 2.82) 0.01/0.92
No 130/75.58 12/9.23
Abdominal pain Yes 24/13.95 2/8.33 0.94 (0.20, 4.47) 0/1.00
No 148/86.05 13/8.78
Nausea Yes 5/2.91 0 1.10 (1.05, 1.15) −/1.00c
No 167/97.09 15/8.98
Emesis Yes 8/4.65 1/12.5 1.53 (0.18, 13.35) 0/1.00
No 164/95.35 14/8.54
Anorexia Yes 6/3.49 1/16.67 2.17 (0.24, 19.91) 0/1.00
No 166/96.51 14/8.43
Personal hygiene habits Drinking boiled water Yes 135/78.49 12/8.89 1.11 (0.30, 4.14) 0/1.00
No 37/21.51 3/8.11
Washing hands before meals Yes 98/56.98 9/9.18 1.15 (0.39, 3.38) 0.06/0.80
No 74/43.02 6/8.11
Washing hands after using toilets Yes 73/42.44 9/12.33 2.18 (0.74, 6.42) 2.07/0.15
No 99/57.56 6/6.06
Eating unwashed vegetables and fruits Yes 145/84.30 15/10.34 0.90 (0.85, 0.95) −/0.13c
No 27/15.70 0 Ref
Others Pit toilets Public 166/96.51 15/9.04 0.91 (0.87, 0.95) −/1.00c
Individual 6/3.49 0
Animal feeding patterns Free-ranging 36/20.93 2/5.56 0.56 (0.07, 4.29) 0/0.98
Both free-ranging and captive 115/66.86 11/9.57 1.01 (0.21, 4.90) 0/1.00
Captive 21/12.21 2/9.52 Ref

a OR Odds ratio. b CI Confidence interval. c Fisher’s exact test

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