Table 4.

Comparison of the CDT in each group

	Total (n = 47)	Fall group (n = 22)	Non-fall group (n = 25)	p value	Effect size φ
Quantitative total score in CDT1	5 (0–10)	3 (0–10)	6 (1–10)	0.006*	0.40
Qualitative error types in CDT (with/without)2
Size of the clock	7/40	4/18	3/22	0.690	0.09
Graphic difficulties	13/34	8/14	5/20	0.328	0.18
Stimulus-bound response	5/42	1/21	4/21	0.352	0.19
Conceptual deficit	28/19	19/3	9/16	0.001*	0.51
Spatial/planning deficit	20/27	9/13	11/14	1.000	0.03
Perseveration	9/38	6/16	3/22	0.270	0.19

Data are presented as median (range) or number of persons, as appropriate. CDT, clock drawing test.

^*p < 0.01; errors based on conceptual deficit were significantly more common in the fall group than in the non-fall group (p = 0.001, φ = 0.51).

¹Mann-Whitney U test.

²Fisher's exact test.