Table 3:
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model Predicting Combinations of Diabetes and Multiple Chronic Conditions
| Reference Outcome Category: Diabetes Alone | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes and CHF | Diabetes and Cancer | Diabetes and COPD | Diabetes and Stroke | Diabetes and CKD | Diabetes and CHF/COPD | Diabetes and CHF/CKD | Diabetes and CHF/COPD/CKD | Diabetes and CHF/COPD/Stroke/CKD | Diabetes and All Other MCC Combinations | |
| Independent Variables | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) |
| Intercept - β (S.E) | −1.151 (0.031)*** | −1.893 (0.041)*** | −0.655 (0.030)*** | −2.043 (0.046)*** | −1.324 (0.033)*** | −0.691 (0.31)*** | −1.409 (0.035)*** | −0.551 (0.029)*** | −1.367 (0.038)*** | 0.811 (0.019) |
| Duration of Diabetes Diagnosis (Reference: 0–2 years) | ||||||||||
| 3–7 years | 0.544 (0.525–0.565)*** | 0.663 (0.637–0.690)*** | 0.634 (0.613–0.655)*** | 0.569 (0.540–0.600)*** | 0.633 (0.611–0.656)*** | 0.496 (0.477–0.517)*** | 0.456 (0.435–0.477)*** | 0.433 (0.416–0.450)*** | 0.387 (0.365–0.409)*** | 0.442 (0.433–0.452)*** |
| 8–12 years | 1.629 (1.575–1.686)*** | 1.332 (1.279–1.387)*** | 1.180 (1.140–1.222)*** | 1.531 (1.458–1.608)*** | 1.408 (1.358–1.459)*** | 1.767 (1.705–1.83)*** | 2.099 (2.021–2.180)*** | 2.117 (2.047–2.189)*** | 2.575 (2.467–2.688)*** | 2.114 (2.070–2.159)*** |
| 13+ years | 2.274 (2.161–2.392)*** | 1.437 (1.346–1.535)*** | 1.074 (1.011–1.141)*** | 1.919 (1.782–2.066)*** | 2.122 (2.013–2.237)*** | 2.124 (2.011–2.244)*** | 4.363 (4.152–4.585)*** | 3.991 (3.812–4.177)*** | 5.657 (5.361–5.970)*** | 3.858 (3.734–3.986)*** |
| Female Sex | 1.035 (1.007–1.065)* | 0.764 (0.740–0.789)*** | 0.972 (0.946–1.000) | 1.072 (1.029–1.116)** | 0.872 (0.848–0.897)*** | 0.977 (0.948–1.007) | 0.892 (0.864–0.920)*** | 0.767 (0.746–0.789)*** | 0.854 (0.824–0.884)*** | 0.827 (0.813–0.840)*** |
| Race (Reference: Non-Hispanic White) | ||||||||||
| Black | 1.219 (1.169–1.271)*** | 1.245 (1.185–1.307)*** | 0.952 (0.910–0.995)* | 0.998 (0.936–1.065) | 1.322 (1.267–1.380)*** | 1.163 (1.113–1.216)*** | 1.468 (1.405–1.533)*** | 1.291 (1.241–1.343)*** | 1.710 (1.633–1.790)*** | 1.505 (1.467–1.543)*** |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.767 (0.688–0.854)*** | 0.765 (0.666–0.878)*** | 0.443 (0.390–0.503)*** | 0.649 (0.546–0.771)*** | 0.636 (0.562–0.720)*** | 0.379 (0.329–0.436)*** | 0.569 (0.497–0.651)*** | 0.285 (0.247–0.329)*** | 0.303 (0.252–0.364)*** | 0.319 (0.296–0.344)*** |
| Hispanic | 0.866 (0.787–0.953)*** | 0.678 (0.596–0.771)*** | 0.727 (0.658–0.803)*** | 0.904 (0.788–1.037) | 0.879 (0.796–0.971)*** | 0.620 (0.554–0.694)*** | 0.775 (0.695–0.865)*** | 0.550 (0.495–0.611)*** | 0.598 (0.524–0.683)*** | 0.574 (0.540–0.610)** |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0.696 (0.539–0.900)** | 0.632 (0.460–0.869)** | 0.989 (0.799–1.225) | 0.880 (0.630–1.229) | 1.106 (0.888–1.378) | 0.930 (0.735–1.177) | 0.962 (0.749–1.234) | 0.952 (0.767–1.181) | 1.123 (0.865–1.457) | 0.758 (0.658–0.873)*** |
| Part D Subsidy (Reference: Full Subsidy) | ||||||||||
| Partial Subsidy | 0.817 (0.728–0.916)** | 0.802 (0.673–0.955)* | 0.654 (0.583–0.734)*** | 1.005 (0.854–1.182) | 0.937 (0.829–1.058) | 0.763 (0.686–0.849)*** | 1.374 (1.240–1.523)*** | 1.556 (1.434–1.688)*** | 2.281 (2.091–2.487)*** | 1.985 (1.868–2.108)*** |
| No Subsidy | 0.607 (0.582–0.633)*** | 1.213 (1.140–1.291)*** | 0.500 (0.480–0.520)*** | 0.717 (0.672–0.765)*** | 0.772 (0.737–0.809)*** | 0.343 (0.329–0.357)*** | 0.516 (0.493–0.540)*** | 0.314 (0.302–0.326)*** | 0.284 (0.272–0.297)*** | 0.368 (0.359–0.378)*** |
| Urban Patient Location | 1.098 (1.050–1.148)** | 1.076 (1.023–1.133)** | 0.961 (0.921–1.002) | 0.991 (0.931–1.055) | 1.093 (1.044–1.144)*** | 0.969 (0.926–1.105) | 1.177 (1.118–1.238)*** | 1.131 (1.082–1.182)*** | 1.199 (1.131–1.272)*** | 1.287 (1.253–1.323)*** |
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001