Table 3.
Evaluation of longitudinal change in clinical, metabolic, inflammatory and vascular data over a 2-year period in all, CN and MCI patients
| All patients with 2-yr follow-up data (n=47) |
CN patients with 2-yr follow-up data (n=34) |
MCI patients with 2-yr follow-up data (n=13) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) of pts with worsening§ |
Median of change over 2 yrs† |
p¥ | N (%) of pts with worsening§ |
Median of change over 2 yrs† |
p¥ | N (%) of pts with worsening§ |
Median of change over 2 yrs† |
p¥ | |
| IMT right | 44 (93.6%) | 0.21 | <0.001** | 32 (94.1%) | 0.23 | <0.001** | 12 (92.3%) | 0.16 | 0.002** |
| IMT left | 45 (95.7%) | 0.16 | <0.001** | 32 (94.1%) | 0.16 | <0.001** | 13 (100.0%) | 0.10 | 0.001** |
| PI right¤ | 33 (97.1%) | 0.25 | <0.001** | 25 (96.2%) | 0.25 | <0.001** | 8 (100.0%) | 0.24 | 0.012** |
| PI left¤ | 33 (97.1%) | 0.21 | <0.001** | 26 (100.0%) | 0.19 | <0.001** | 7 (87.5%) | 0.26 | 0.018** |
| RI right¤ | 34 (100.0%) | 0.11 | <0.001** | 26 (100.0%) | 0.11 | <0.001** | 8 (100.0%) | 0.13 | 0.012** |
| RI left¤ | 32 (94.1%) | 0.10 | <0.001** | 25 (96.2%) | 0.10 | <0.001** | 7 (87.5%) | 0.11 | 0.018** |
| QRISK2 | 30 (63.8%) | 0.50 | 0.005** | 22 (64.7%) | 0.85 | 0.014** | 8 (61.5%) | 0.10 | 0.135 |
| Uric acid (μmol/l) | 29 (61.7%) | −13.00 | 0.108 | 20 (58.8%) | −10.50 | 0.270 | 9 (69.2%) | −13.00 | 0.162 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/l) | 23 (48.9%) | −0.10 | 0.623 | 16 (47.1%) | −0.10 | 0.791 | 7 (53.8%) | 1.30 | 0.600 |
| B12 (pg/ml) | 33 (70.2%) | −25.00 | 0.017** | 23 (67.6%) | −23.50 | 0.038* | 10 (76.9%) | −31.00 | 0.196 |
| Folic acid (ng/ml) | 28 (59.6%) | −0.30 | 0.062 | 18 (52.9%) | −0.20 | 0.462 | 10 (76.9%) | −0.90 | 0.021** |
| C3 (g/l) | 26 (55.3%) | 0.02 | 0.346 | 21 (61.8%) | 0.06 | 0.351 | 5 (38.5%) | 0.00 | 0.789 |
| C4 (g/l) | 17 (36.2%) | −0.01 | 0.225 | 14 (41.2%) | −0.01 | 0.771 | 3 (23.1%) | −0.02 | 0.068 |
| Interleukin 6 (pg/ml) | 14 (29.8%) | −0.40 | 0.067 | 9 (26.5%) | −0.30 | 0.150 | 5 (38.5%) | −1.30 | 0.124 |
| UPDRS total | 34 (72.3%) | 9.00 | <0.001** | 21 (61.8%) | 7.50 | 0.014** | 13 (100.0%) | 12.00 | 0.001** |
| UPDRS I | 27 (57.4%) | 1.00 | 0.007** | 20 (58.8%) | 1.00 | 0.013** | 7 (53.8%) | 1.00 | 0.235 |
| UPDRS II | 30 (63.8%) | 3.00 | 0.002** | 19 (55.9%) | 1.50 | 0.044* | 11 (84.6%) | 4.00 | 0.004** |
| UPDRS III | 31 (66.0%) | 5.00 | <0.001** | 19 (55.9%) | 4.00 | 0.031* | 12 (92.3%) | 9.00 | 0.002** |
| ADL | 12 (25.5%) | 0.00 | 0.036* | 6 (17.6%) | 0.00 | 0.219 | 6 (46.2%) | 0.00 | 0.067 |
| Barthel index | 19 (40.4%) | 0.00 | <0.001** | 10 (29.4%) | 0.00 | 0.026* | 9 (69.2%) | −5.00 | 0.007** |
Statistically significant result p<0.05 (which did not remain significant after FDR correction)
Statistically significant result p<0.05 (which remained significant even after FDR correction for multiple comparisons)
Worsening is defined as increase of values in IMT, PI, RI, QRISK2, homocysteine, C3, C4, interleukin 6, UPDRS and decrease of values in uric acid, B12, folic acid, ADL and Barthel index.
Median of change over 2 yrs was calculated as median of difference in values of the respective variable after two years and at baseline
Values not known in all patients (specifically, PI right, PI left, RI right and RI left was evaluated for 34, 36, 35 and 35 out of 47 patients; 26, 28, 27 and 27 out of 34 CN patients; and 8 out of 13 MCI patients
p-values calculated using paired Wilcoxon test
Legend: ADL (activity of daily living score), CN (cognitive normal), IMT (intimomedial thickness), PI (pulsatility index), RI (resistance index), UPDRS (Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale)