Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) for the association between smoking status and the dichotomised pain variable (no pain vs. some pain).
| OR (95% CI) | ORadj (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Smoking status | ||
| Never daily smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Former daily smoker | 1.13 (1.10, 1.17)*** | 1.04 (1.02, 1.08)*** |
| Daily smoker | 1.18 (1.14, 1.21)*** | 0.94 (0.91, 0.97)** |
| Age | ||
| 16–34 | 1.00 | |
| 35–64 | 1.18 (1.16, 1.21)*** | |
| 65+ | 1.84 (1.72, 1.97)*** | |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 1.00 | |
| Male | 0.87 (0.85, 0.89)*** | |
| Income | ||
| <£30,000 | 1.00 | |
| £30,000+ | 0.94 (0.92, 0.96)*** | |
| Self-reported health status | ||
| Poor | 1.00 | |
| Good | 0.55 (0.53, 0.57)*** | |
| Excellent | 0.26 (0.25, 0.27)*** | |
| Neuroticism | ||
| Low | 1.00 | |
| High | 1.15 (1.12, 1.19)*** | |
| Symptoms of anxiety | ||
| Low | 1.00 | |
| High | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07)** | |
| Symptoms of depression | ||
| Low | 1.00 | |
| High | 1.25 (1.22, 1.28)*** | |
| Frequency of binge drinking | ||
| Never | 1.00 | |
| Rarely | 0.98 (0.95, 1.00)* | |
| Frequently | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98)*** |
Note. * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001.