Table 4.
Univariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Infection with CR-ECL and CS-ECL
| Variables | CR-ECL Infection (n=85) | Control Group (n=170) | OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Male gender | 45 (52.9) | 87 (51.2) | 1.07 (0.64–1.81) | 0.790 |
| Elderly | 37 (43.5) | 72 (42.4) | 1.05 (0.62–1.78) | 0.858 |
| ICU admission | 47 (55.3) | 44 (25.9) | 3.54 (2.05–6.13) | <0.001 |
| Transferring from another hospital | 26 (30.6) | 38 (22.4) | 1.53 (0.85–2.75) | 0.153 |
| Baseline diseases and acquired infection | ||||
| Hypertension | 25 (29.4) | 42 (24.7) | 1.27 (0.71–2.27) | 0.421 |
| Diabetes | 22 (25.9) | 34 (20.0) | 1.40 (0.76–2.58) | 0.285 |
| Hypoproteinemia | 24 (28.2) | 35 (20.6) | 1.52 (0.83–2.77) | 0.172 |
| Hypokalemia | 16 (18.8) | 21 (12.4) | 1.65 (0.81–3.35) | 0.167 |
| Severe anemia | 6 (7.1) | 14 (8.2) | 0.85 (0.31–2.29) | 0.742 |
| Septic shock | 24 (28.2) | 33 (19.4) | 1.63 (0.89–3.00) | 0.111 |
| Solid tumor | 28 (32.9) | 47 (27.6) | 1.29 (0.73–2.26) | 0.382 |
| Respiratory diseases | 29 (34.1) | 43 (25.3) | 1.53 (0.87–2.69) | 0.140 |
| Liver diseases | 20 (23.5) | 34 (20.0) | 1.23 (0.66–2.30) | 0.516 |
| Gastrointestinal diseases | 17 (20.0) | 35 (20.6) | 0.96 (0.50–1.85) | 0.912 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 13 (15.3) | 14 (8.2) | 2.01 (0.90–4.50) | 0.084 |
| Renal diseases | 18 (21.2) | 43 (25.3) | 0.79 (0.43–1.48) | 0.467 |
| Endocrine system diseases | 19 (22.4) | 40 (23.5) | 0.94 (0.50–1.74) | 0.834 |
| Pulmonary infection | 19 (22.4) | 25 (14.7) | 1.67 (0.86–3.24) | 0.128 |
| Intra-abdominal infection | 10 (11.8) | 22 (12.9) | 0.89 (0.40–1.99) | 0.789 |
| Urinary tract infection | 11 (12.9) | 28 (16.5) | 0.75 (0.36–1.60) | 0.460 |
| Invasive procedures during hospital stay | ||||
| Parenteral nutrition | 16 (18.8) | 23 (13.5) | 1.48 (0.74–2.98) | 0.268 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 18 (21.2) | 20 (11.8) | 2.02 (1.01–4.05) | 0.047 |
| Urinary catheter | 35 (41.2) | 66 (38.8) | 1.10 (0.65–1.88) | 0.717 |
| Drainage tube | 33 (38.8) | 23 (13.5) | 4.06 (2.18–7.53) | <0.001 |
| Tracheal cannula | 9 (10.6) | 28 (16.5) | 0.60 (0.27–1.34) | 0.209 |
| Previous surgery in the past 6 months | 31 (36.5) | 44 (25.9) | 1.64 (0.94–2.88) | 0.080 |
| Central venous catheter | 25 (29.4) | 18 (10.6) | 3.52 (1.79–6.91) | <0.001 |
| Arterial catheter | 13 (15.3) | 30 (17.6) | 0.84 (0.41–1.71) | 0.636 |
| Antibiotic exposure within 3 months | ||||
| Cephalosporins | 32 (37.6) | 56 (32.9) | 1.23 (0.71–2.12) | 0.456 |
| Carbapenem | 26 (30.6) | 15 (8.8) | 4.56 (2.26–9.19) | <0.001 |
| Aminoglycosides | 7 (8.2) | 26 (15.3) | 0.50 (0.21–1.20) | 0.113 |
| Quinolones | 17 (20.0) | 36 (21.2) | 0.93 (0.49–1.78) | 0.827 |
| Tetracyclines | 6 (7.1) | 7 (4.1) | 1.77 (0.58–5.44) | 0.314 |
| Macrolides | 7 (8.2) | 9 (5.3) | 1.61 (0.58–4.47) | 0.361 |
| Metronidazole | 22 (25.9) | 31 (18.2) | 1.57 (0.84–2.92) | 0.156 |
| Glycopeptides | 12 (14.1) | 18 (10.6) | 1.39 (0.64–3.03) | 0.410 |
Notes: Values are presented as n (%), unless otherwise noted. Bold face indicates values that are significant (P<0.05).
Abbreviation: ICU, intensive care unit.