Table 4.
Study | Participants | Control | VR Training | Number of Sessions | Tests | Assessment | Results | Design | Classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kim et al,139 | 24 RH (12 VR-Group and 12 Control Group) |
Standard therapy | Bird and Ball (touch a flying ball); Coconuts (catch falling coconuts); Container (move a box from one side to another) |
15 sessions of 30 mins | Star Cancellation task; LBT; CBS; K-MBI | Pre, Post | Improvement in CBS and in star cancellation task after VR training | RCT | Class I | |
Mainetti et al,140 | 1 RH | None | Duckneglect (reach targets with an increasing level of difficulties) | 20 sessions of 30 mins | Albert Test; Letter Cancellation Test; LBT; MMSE; Attentional Matrices and the Token Test | Pre, Post, Follow-up (5 months later) | Improvement in MMSE, Attentional matrices, Albert test and LBT, at least for 5 months | Single-case | Class III | |
Fordell et al,142 | 15 RH | None | VST and multi-sensory stimulation | 15 of 1 hr | VR-Star cancellation; VR-Baking tray task; VR-LBT; VR-Extinction; VR-Posner Task; CBS | Pre, Post, Follow-up (6 months) | Improvement in Star cancellation, Baking tray, Extinction and Posner Task; Improvement in CBS at least for 6 months |
Pilot | Class III | |
Ekman et al,143 | 12 RH | None | VST and multi-sensory stimulation | 15 of 1 hr | VR-Posner Task; fMRI | Pre (1 week), Post (1 weed) | Improvement in Posner performance. Increasement after VR-training in frontal and temporal activity during attentional cueing |
Pilot | Class III | |
Wåhlin et al,144 | 13 RH | None | VST and multi-sensory stimulation | 15 of 1 hr | VR-Posner task; rs-fMRI |
Pre (1 week), Post (1 week) | Increasement of DAN connectivity | Pilot | Class III |
Abbreviations: RH, Right Hemisphere; VST, Visual Scanning Training; LBT, Line Bisection Task; K-MBT, Korean version of Modified Barthel Index; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; CBS, Catherine Bergego Scale; DAN, Dorsal Attention Network; RCT, Randomized Control Trial.