TABLE V.

MRC Grades of Preoperative Muscle Power

Case	MRC Grade														Type of Palsy*
	Sternocleidomastoid	Trapezius	Phrenic N. Palsy	Shoulder Abduction	Shoulder Ext. Rotation	Pectoralis Major		Elbow Flexion	Elbow Extension	Wrist Extension	Wrist Flexion	Finger Extension	Finger Flexion	Intrinsic muscles
						Clavicular	Sternal
1	5	5	No	0†	0†	0	0	0†	0†	0	0	0	0	0	S-E-H
2	5	5	No	0†	0†	0	0	2‡	0	2	0	0	0	0	S-E-H
3	4	4	No	0†	0†	0	4	0†	3	4	4	4	4	4	S-E
4	2	0†	Yes	0†	0†	0†	0	2†‡	2	5	5	5	5	5	N-S-E
5	3	0†	Yes	0†	0†	0†	0	2	3	4	4	4	4	4	N-S
6	5	5	No	0†	0†	0	0	3	2	0	0	4	2, 0§	2, 0§	S-H
7	4	3	No	0†	0†	0	0	0†	2	4	4	4	4	4	S-E
8#	4	4	No	0†	1	0	3	3	4	5	5	5	5	5	S

^*S = shoulder, E = elbow, H = hand, and N = neck.

^†Confirmed by needle electromyography or intraoperative nerve stimulation.

^‡Biceps was completely paralyzed, but elbow could be flexed by forearm muscles.

^§Only the ulnar nerve-innervated intrinsic muscles.

^#Case 8, who presented late after the onset of paralysis, was the only patient not followed at 2 to 3-month intervals until the plateau of recovery was achieved.