Table 3.
Comparison of time intervals according to types of hospital visits
| Characteristic | Total population (n = 4,874) |
Cardiogenic shock (n = 282) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMS | Non-PCI centre | PCI centre | ANOVA p value | EMS | Non-PCI centre | PCI centre | ANOVA p value | |
| Number | 1,060 (21.7) | 2,451 (50.3) | 1,363 (28.0) | 120 (42.5) | 102 (36.2) | 60 (21.3) | ||
| Age, yr | 61.8 ± 12.7 | 62.9 ± 13.1 | 61.0 ± 11.8 | < 0.001 | 65.1 ± 13.1 | 67.9 ± 13.3 | 63.9 ± 12.2 | 0.113 |
| Age > 65 yr | 420 (39.6) | 1,074 (43.8) | 489 (35.9) | < 0.001 | 60 (50.0) | 63 (61.8) | 26 (43.3) | 0.054 |
| Male gender | 877 (82.7) | 1,883 (76.8) | 1,140 (83.6) | < 0.001 | 90 (75.0) | 73 (71.6) | 47 (78.3) | 0.625 |
| Holiday visits | 357 (33.7) | 747 (30.5) | 438 (32.1) | 0.155 | 49 (40.8) | 29 (28.4) | 17 (28.3) | 0.092 |
| Off-hour visits | 471 (44.4) | 911 (37.2) | 569 (41.7) | < 0.001 | 58 (48.3) | 41 (40.2) | 27 (45.0) | 0.477 |
| Atypical symptoms | 220 (20.8) | 401 (16.4) | 267 (19.6) | 0.003 | 23 (19.2) | 23 (22.5) | 15 (25.0) | 0.643 |
| Renewed ischemia | 195 (18.4) | 512 (20.9) | 305 (22.4) | 0.055 | 12 (10.0) | 18 (17.6) | 9 (15.0) | 0.247 |
| STDT, min | 94.3 ± 97.8 (60 [34–118]) | 203.2 ± 149.3 (161 [97–268]) | 149.0 ± 151.0 (90 [48–196]) | < 0.001 | 80.3 ± 98.2 (47 [30–92]) | 195.5 ± 159.1 (140 [85–249]) | 105.8 ± 117.7 (60 [29–119]) | < 0.001 |
| DTBT, min | 64.3 ± 25.9 (60 [48–75]) | 57.5 ± 21.3 (55 [43–67]) | 63.9 ± 22.4 (61 [49–75]) | < 0.001 | 67.4 ± 28.1 (63 [50–81]) | 63.4 ± 27.6 (58 [46–76]) | 60.9 ± 26.8 (58 [44–69]) | 0.285 |
| ≤ 60 | 540 (50.9) | 1,549 (63.2) | 666 (48.9) | < 0.001 | 55 (45.8) | 56 (54.9) | 35 (58.3) | 0.209 |
| ≤ 90 | 963 (90.8) | 2,339 (95.4) | 1,271 (93.3) | < 0.001 | 104 (86.7) | 93 (91.2) | 55 (91.7) | 0.448 |
| TIT, min | 158.6 ± 100.5 (130 [98–183]) | 260.7 ± 153.4 (216 [150–327]) | 212.9 ± 153.3 (158 [109–263]) | < 0.001 | 147.8 ± 102.6 (118 [90–170]) | 258.9 ± 166.7 (200 [141–320]) | 166.7 ± 121.1 (110 [87–217]) | < 0.001 |
| ≤ 120 | 474 (44.7) | 328 (13.4) | 440 (32.3) | < 0.001 | 64 (53.3) | 14 (13.7) | 32 (53.3) | < 0.001 |
| ≤ 180 | 785 (74.1) | 920 (37.5) | 782 (57.4) | < 0.001 | 95 (79.2) | 41 (40.2) | 40 (66.7) | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 120.7 ± 35.9 | 123.8 ± 31.1 | 130.9 ± 32.3 | < 0.001 | 57.8 ± 32.5 | 56.8 ± 33.6 | 59.4 ± 31.5 | 0.885 |
| Heart rate, /min | 73.2 ± 23.7 | 76.8 ± 19.9 | 75.8 ± 18.5 | < 0.001 | 60.2 ± 35.7 | 68.0 ± 38.0 | 57.6 ± 32.2 | 0.138 |
| GRACE score | 124 (100–151) | 125 (100–151) | 118 (94–142) | < 0.001 | 160 (139–184) | 172 (149–189) | 152 (138–174) | 0.034 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 120 (11.3) | 102 (4.2) | 60 (4.4) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Hypertension | 511 (48.2) | 1,096 (44.7) | 622 (45.6) | 0.162 | 64 (53.3) | 47 (46.1) | 29 (48.3) | 0.545 |
| Diabetes | 247 (23.3) | 616 (25.1) | 297 (21.8) | 0.061 | 35 (29.2) | 32 (31.4) | 23 (38.3) | 0.456 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 124 (11.7) | 204 (8.3) | 195 (14.3) | < 0.001 | 11 (9.2) | 6 (5.9) | 8 (13.3) | 0.270 |
| Smoking | 464 (43.8) | 1,138 (46.4) | 621 (45.6) | 0.349 | 51 (42.5) | 35 (34.3) | 24 (40.0) | 0.453 |
| Familial history | 82 (7.7) | 127 (5.2) | 100 (7.3) | 0.004 | 6 (5.0) | 3 (2.9) | 2 (3.3) | 0.709 |
| Previous MI | 87 (8.2) | 87 (3.5) | 109 (8.0) | < 0.001 | 13 (10.8) | 1 (1.0) | 7 (11.7) | 0.008 |
| Stroke | 52 (4.9) | 108 (4.4) | 60 (4.4) | 0.786 | 5 (4.2) | 5 (4.9) | 2 (3.3) | 0.890 |
Values are presented as number (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range).
EMS, emergency medical service; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; ANOVA, analysis of variance; STDT, symptom-to-door time; DTBT, door-to-balloon time; TIT, total ischemic time; SBP, systolic blood pressure; GRACE, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; MI, myocardial infarction.