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. 2020 Jan 15;12(1):54–65. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i1.54

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©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Representative mRNA expression level by qPCR. Expression levels of the mRNAs (TNF-α, IL1β, IL6, CXCL1, and CXCL2) were performed using qPCR, results are expressed as mean ± SD. PPA: Postoperative peritoneal adhesion; SH: Sham.