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. 2020 Jan 8;10:896. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00896

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Copyright © 2020 Fang, Zhao, Xiang, Zhao and Zhong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Motility of fresh, frozen and melatonin-treated ram sperm (n = 10). C was fresh sperm, F was frozen-thawed sperm, F+M (red column) was frozen-thawed sperm with melatonin. Motility was determined with a computer-aided sperm analysis system (A–C), the kinematic parameters in fresh, frozen and melatonin-treated ram sperm (D). TM, total motile sperm (%); PM, progressive motile sperm (%); IM, immotile (%); VCL, curvilinear velocity (μm/sec); VAP, average path velocity (μm/sec); VSL, straight line velocity (μm/sec); BCF, beat cross frequency (hertz); ALH, average lateral (μm). Green represented progressive sperm, red represented immotile sperm and blue represented motile (but not progressive) sperm (A–C). The experiment was repeated three times. *P < 0.05.