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. 2020 Jan 8;10:896. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00896

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Copyright © 2020 Fang, Zhao, Xiang, Zhao and Zhong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Gene expressions of mitochondria encode respiratory chain complexes in fresh, frozen, and melatonin-treated ram sperm (n = 10). C was fresh sperm, F was frozen-thawed sperm, F+M (red column) was frozen-thawed sperm with melatonin. MT-C I, mitochondrial coding complex I; MT-C III, mitochondrial coding complex III; MT-C IV, mitochondrial coding complex IV; MT-C V, mitochondrial coding complex V. The experiment was repeated three times. *P < 0.05.