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. 2020 Jan 8;10:896. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00896

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Copyright © 2020 Fang, Zhao, Xiang, Zhao and Zhong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Test of OCR (A,C,E) and ECAR (B,D,F) in fresh, frozen, and melatonin-treated ram sperm (n = 10). C was fresh sperm, F was frozen-thawed sperm, F+M (red column) was frozen-thawed sperm with melatonin. OCR, oxygen consumption rate; ECAR, extracellular acidification rate. Treatments were as follows: control (black dots) and FCCP (black triangles). Additions were indicated with a dotted line. Final concentrations of FCCP, antimycin A and rotenone were all 1 μM.