Figure 2.

Substrate transformations in cascade reactions generating ROS, based on glucose and oxygen as substrates. (A) Generation of H₂O₂ from glucose using GOx (Witt et al., 2000) (with permission of Portland Press). (B) Catalysis of glucose transformation to H₂O₂ using catalytic, gold nanoparticles (Comotti et al., 2006) (with permission of John Wiley and Sons). (C) Modified carbon nitride as a bifunctional glucose-peroxidase enzyme-mimic (Zhang et al., 2019) (with permission of Nature Publishing Group). (D) Activation of H₂O₂ on Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles to achieve transformation of H₂O₂ to ROS (Wang et al., 2010) (with permission of Elsevier). (E) V₂O₅ nanowires catalyze transformation of H₂O₂ to ${·\text{O}}_2^{-}$ in the presence of ABTS [2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate)] (André et al., 2011) (with permission of John Wiley and Sons).