Table 8.
Clinical chemistry values (mean ± SD) in female cats prior to and during AFD1 feeding.
| Females | Study day | AFD1 level | Reference ranges (14) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 ppm | 7 ppm | 39 ppm | 66 ppm | |||
| Glucose mg/dL |
−70 | 73.2 ± 3.9 | 72.0 ± 1.6 | 76.8 ± 5.9 | 77.0 ± 2.5 | 60–120 |
| −7 | 102.8 ± 25.1 | 90.4 ± 25.6 | 66.4 ± 4.0 | 92.0 ± 22.5 | ||
| 100 | 83.8 ± 19.1 | 73.8 ± 3.3 | 85.4 ± 25.4 | 83.2 ± 17.1 | ||
| 182 | 76.2 ± 25.4 | 80.0 ± 13.5 | 70.4 ± 11.2 | 74.2 ± 9.4 | ||
| Serum urea nitrogen mg/dL | −70 | 24.6 ± 4.8 | 25.6 ± 1.3 | 25.2 ± 2.2 | 25.8 ± 4.2 | 19–34 |
| −7 | 21.4 ± 2.4 | 24.0 ± 2.7 | 22.8 ± 0.8 | 21.0 ± 2.9 | ||
| 100 | 25.0 ± 2.6 | 27.6 ± 1.1 | 28.2 ± 1.8 | 23.2 ± 2.2 | ||
| 182 | 26.2 ± 3.6 | 26.0 ± 3.5 | 24.4 ± 3.1 | 20.8*± 1.9 | ||
| Creat mg/dL |
−70 | 1.26 ± 0.28 | 1.28 ± 0.19 | 1.32 ± 0.38 | 1.22 ± 0.18 | 0.9–2.2 |
| −7 | 1.24 ± 0.26 | 1.42 ± 0.08 | 1.20 ± 0.12 | 1.24 ± 0.13 | ||
| 100 | 1.22 ± 0.08 | 1.52*± 0.08 | 1.56*± 0.21 | 1.28*± 0.13 | ||
| 182 | 1.18 ± 0.22 | 1.34 ± 0.11 | 1.12 ± 0.13 | 1.04 ± 0.17 | ||
| Total bilirubin mg/dL |
−70 | 0.02 ± 0.04 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.04 | 0–0.1 |
| −7 | 0.00 ± 0.00 n | 0.00 ± 0.00 n | 0.00 ± 0.00 n | 0.00 ± 0.00 n | ||
| 100 | 0.00 ± 0.00 n | 0.00 ± 0.00 n | 0.00 ± 0.00 n | 0.00 ± 0.00 n | ||
| 182 | 0.00 ± 0.00 n | 0.00 ± 0.00 n | 0.00 ± 0.00 n | 0.00 ± 0.00 n | ||
| Bile acids μg/mL |
−7 | 0.069 ± 0.093 | 0.138 ± 0.137 | 0.159 ± 0.259 | 0.081 ± 0.028 | 0–2.04$ |
| 100 | 1.321 ± 2.551 | 0.132 ± 0.247 | 0.189 ± 0.355 | 0.138 ± 0.142 | ||
| 182 | 0.173 ± 0.317 | 0.154 ± 0.135 | 0.216 ± 0.127 | 0.269 ± 0.134 | ||
| AST U/L |
−70 | 23.8 ± 2.8 | 27.8 ± 5.0 | 28.0 ± 7.3 | 26.2 ± 5.6 | 7–38 |
| −7 | 28.4 ± 4.8 | 30.4 ± 8.9 | 24.0 ± 506 | 24.4 ± 3.7 | ||
| 100 | 25.0 ± 7.0 | 24.8 ± 1.9 | 31.0 ± 9.4 | 24.4 ± 2.9 | ||
| 182 | 28.2 ± 7.1 | 25.6 ± 3.8 | 22.4 ± 6.0 | 22.4 ± 2.5 | ||
| ALT U/L |
−70# | 73.2 ± 10.8 | 102.8 ± 47.3 | 82.2 ± 25.0 | 95.8 ± 25.6 | 25–97 |
| −7 | 65.2 ± 9.6 | 71.6 ± 18.9 | 45.4*± 6.9 | 57.6 ± 6.7 | ||
| 100 | 59.8 ± 15.0 | 57.8 ± 7.8 | 50.6 ± 5.8 | 47. ± 8.1 | ||
| 182 | 65.4 ± 17.8 | 52.4*± 10.4 | 42.6*± 6.5 | 48.6*± 7.6 | ||
| ALP U/L |
−70 | 24.4 ± 11.2 | 20.8 ± 4.1 | 24.8 ± 8.6 | 20.2 ± 12.1 | 0–45 |
| −7 | 20.4 ± 4.7 | 16.6 ± 3.3 | 24.0 ± 9.4 | 19.0 ± 5.8 | ||
| 100 | 20.6 ± 4.8 | 16.6 ± 5.6 | 19.0 ± 5.4 | 15.2 ± 4.1 | ||
| 182 | 14.0 ± 5.5 | 17.8 ± 2.5 | 18.4 ± 3.8 | 17.4 ± 5.4 | ||
| SDH U/L |
−7 | 4.74 ± 3.06 | 5.30 ± 3.91 | 1.44 ± 0.88 | 5.26 ± 4.59 | 3.9–7.7$ |
| 100 | 1.18 ± 2.42 | 0.08 ± 0.18 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.70 ± 0.64 | ||
| 182 | 5.60 ± 2.70 | 3.90 ± 1.12 | 4.32 ± 2.76 | 3.78 ± 0.79 | ||
| ALB g/dL |
−70 | 3.56 ± 0.05 | 3.58 ± 0.19 | 3.42 ± 0.16 | 3.62 ± 0.30 | 2.8–3.9 |
| −7 | 3.18 ± 0.26 | 3.58**± 0.04 | 2.90 ± 0.14 | 3.44**± 0.15 | ||
| 100 | 3.26 ± 0.11 | 3.44 ± 0.26 | 3.40 ± 0.23 | 3.42 ± 0.11 | ||
| 182 | 3.18 ± 0.11 | 3.20 ± 0.12 | 3.06 ± 0.23 | 3.28 ± 0.11 | ||
| A/G | −70 | 1.10 ± 0.07 | 1.14 ± 0.09 | 1.06 ± 0.05 | 1.14 ± 0.13 | 0.45–1.45$ |
| −7 | 0.88 ± 0.08 | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 1.00 ± 0.10 | 0.94 ± 0.15 | ||
| 100 | 0.90 ± 0.00 | 0.96*± 0.05 | 1.06*± 0.05 | 0.98*± 0.08 | ||
| 182 | 0.96 ± 0.09 | 1.02 ± 0.08 | 1.12 ± 0.15 | 1.10 ± 0.07 | ||
| Total protein g/dL |
−70 | 6.80 ± 0.32 | 6.72 ± 0.18 | 6.60 ± 0.38 | 6.84 ± 0.31 | 6.0–7.9 |
| −7 | 6.76 ± 0.38 | 7.42*± 0.26 | 5.88*± 0.66 | 7.10 ± 0.29 | ||
| 100 | 6.90 ± 0.31 | 7.02 ± 0.37 | 6.66 ± 0.58 | 6.90 ± 0.35 | ||
| 182 | 6.44 ± 0.29 | 6.34 ± 0.25 | 5.88 ± 0.79 | 6.24 ± 0.22 | ||
| Na+ mEq/L |
−70 | 153.4 ± 1.5 | 153.6 ± 1.5 | 154.0 ± 1.9 | 154.0 ± 2.2 | 146–156 |
| −7 | 145.6 ± 7.0 | 154.6**± 1.3 | 137.0 ± 3.8 | 154.4**± 2.8 | ||
| 100 | 152.2 ± 2.3 | 153.4 ± 1.1 | 152.8 ± 1.6 | 152.8 ± 3.6 | ||
| 182 | 147.0 ± 1.4 | 148.4 ± 1.1 | 140.6 ± 3.8 | 142.8*± 2.8 | ||
| K+ mEq/L |
−70 | 4.38 ± 0.26 | 4.28 ± 0.36 | 4.32 ± 0.30 | 4.20 ± 0.12 | 3.7–6.1 |
| −7 | 5.16 ± 0.90 | 5.14 ± 0.38 | 4.42 ± 0.31 | 5.16 ± 0.47 | ||
| 100 | 5.18 ± 0.36 | 5.38 ± 0.48 | 5.46 ± 0.42 | 5.06 ± 0.47 | ||
| 182 | 5.12 ± 0.41 | 5.54 ± 0.36 | 4.78 ± 0.16 | 5.14 ± 0.31 | ||
| Calc mg/dL |
−70 | 9.38 ± 0.23 | 9.56 ± 0.47 | 9.38 ± 0.30 | 9.56 ± 0.24 | 8.7–11.7 |
| −7 | 9.20 ± 0.79 | 9.94*± 0.36 | 8.22 ± 0.38 | 9.98*± 0.29 | ||
| 100 | 9.54 ± 0.22 | 9.78 ± 0.51 | 9.40 ± 0.45 | 9.54 ± 0.24 | ||
| 182 | 9.18 ± 0.25 | 9.60 ± 0.22 | 8.62*± 0.42 | 9.08 ± 0.13 | ||
| Phos mg/dL |
−7 | 4.60 ± 0.31 | 4.96 ± 0.48 | 3.60**± 0.20 | 4.90 ± 0.66 | 3.0–6.1 |
| 100 | 4.94 ± 0.48 | 4.08*± 0.29 | 4.18*± 0.54 | 4.18*± 0.58 | ||
| 182 | 5.10 ± 0.80 | 4.48*± 0.63 | 4.06*± 0.45 | 4.34*± 0.15 | ||
| Cl− mEq/L |
−70 | 118.4 ± 2.6 | 118.2 ± 1.6 | 119.2 ± 0.8 | 118.8 ± 1.8 | 115–130 |
| −7 | 115.2 ± 5.8 | 122.8 ± 0.4 | 109.6 ± 3.8 | 122.4 ± 1.1 | ||
| 100 | 122.4 ± 1.5 | 123.0 ± 0.7 | 122.2 ± 1.1 | 123.0 ± 2.3 | ||
| 182 | 117.4 ± 1.5 | 119.6 ± 1.1 | 113.2 ± 3.0 | 114.4*± 1.7 | ||
| Blood taurine nmol/mL |
−7/−6 | 451.6 ± 82.5 | 395.8 ± 103.1 | 379.8 ± 52.6 | 441.2 ± 67.6 | 275–701$$ |
| 100/101 | 332.4 ± 118.3 | 365.4 ± 120.7 | 302.2 ± 130.5 | 317.4 ± 79.8 | ||
| 182 | 438.6 ± 97.2 | 424.4 ± 85.1 | 338.2 ± 66.3 | 435.4 ± 57.0 | ||
AFD1, anti-Fel d 1 IgY; Creat, Creatinine; AST, Aspartate transferase; ALT, Alanine transferase; ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; SDH, Sorbitol Dehydrogenase; ALB, Albumin; A/G, Albumin/Globulin Ratio; Na+, Sodium; K+, Potassium; Calc, Calcium; Cl−, Chloride; Phos, Phosphorus.
*
Significant at P < 0.05 when compared to the control group within a study day.
**
Significant at P < 0.01 when compared to the control group within a study day.
#
Day−70 data obtained at Vendor location prior to shipment to study site.
SD, Standard deviation; n, Data not appropriate for statistical analysis;
$
Kaneko (24);
$$
UC Davis (21).